Victim Ambiguity: Bystander Intervention and Sexual Assault in the College Drinking Scene

Pugh, Brandie; Ningard, Holly; Ven, Thomas Vander; Butler, Leah C.

doi:10.1080/01639625.2015.1026777

Cited by 60 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although we considered a within-groups design crossing perpetrator and victim intoxication factors or whether the participant introduced the perpetrator and victim, the risk of contamination across conditions, combined with participant intoxication time limitations, led us to opt for one condition containing factors likely to increase bystander perceptions of responsibility to intervene (e.g.,Pugh et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Alcohol Intoxication on Bystander Intervention in a Vignette Depiction of Sexual Assault

Ham

Wiersma‐Mosley

Wolkowicz

et al. 2019

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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Alcohol-related sexual violence remains a public health problem. Despite the popularity of sexual assault bystander intervention programs, these may be limited in addressing bystander intoxication because the effects of intoxication on intervening in a sexual assault are unknown. Therefore, we tested the effects of alcohol intoxication on the five steps of bystander intervention in a sexual assault vignette. Method: Young adults (N = 128; 50% women) were randomly assigned to consume alcohol (target blood alcohol concentration = 0.08%; n = 64) or a nonalcoholic control beverage (n = 64) in a barlaboratory. Next, participants were presented with a vignette describing events occurring in a convivial drinking context that ends with nonconsensual sexual behavior. Latané and Darley's bystander intervention model steps were assessed in a semistructured interview. Results: Participants in the control condition recalled the story more accurately (Step 1: notice the event) and reported greater risk/need for intervention (Step 2), but they did not differ on the latter three steps of bystander intervention compared with alcohol-condition participants. Intoxication effects were similar for men and women. Furthermore, risk/need for intervention (Step 2) partially mediated the effect of alcohol condition on personal responsibility (Step 3) and relative benefits versus costs from intervening (Step 4). Conclusions: Prevention programs should consider the effects of alcohol on detecting a sexual assault and the need to intervene. If intoxicated bystanders do not detect a sexual assault, then bystanders will not reach the crucial steps (i.e., taking responsibility for intervening; willingness and ability to intervene) required to intervene successfully.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Alcohol Intoxication on Bystander Intervention in a Vignette Depiction of Sexual Assault

Ham

Wiersma‐Mosley

Wolkowicz

et al. 2019

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous research demonstrates that campus assaults are more likely to involve alcohol (Abbey et al 1996;Cantor et al 2015), and the intersection of alcohol and sex may normalize these situations (Vander Ven 2011) and challenges the ability to recognize risk (Katz et al 2015;Pugh et al 2016). Those who intervene may have heightened awareness of sexual violence as a campus issue, sense of responsibility for its prevention, and current, or recent, participation in sexual violence-oriented activities where the relationship between alcohol and assault has been clarified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Readiness to Help: How Students' Sexual Assault Awareness, Responsibility, and Action Correlate with Bystander Intervention Behavior

Hoxmeier

O’Connor

McMahon

2018

Violence and Gender

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The transtheoretical model of change postulates that behavioral adoption is a result of individuals' readiness to change. Applied to prosocial bystander behavior, having greater sexual assault awareness, prevention responsibility, and action can explain students' readiness to intervene as bystanders. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between students' readiness to help (RTH) and their reported prosocial bystander behavior in five sexual assault risk situations. Data were collected from undergraduate students at a northeastern university (n = 9358) in 2014. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that women's mean scores for RTH subscales of awareness, taking responsibility, and action were significantly greater than men's scores. ANOVA also revealed significant differences between students who did and did not intervene in risk situations, such that those with past prosocial bystander intervention behavior reported significantly greater RTH compared with those who did not intervene. The extent to which RTH variables correlated with past prosocial bystander intervention behavior differed between men and women, as well as across the risk situations. The use of an evidence-based health behavior theory is beneficial for examining correlates of prosocial intervention and it highlights gender differences therein, as well as how readiness relates to bystander intervention behavior differently, depending on the risk situation. Implications for health promotion messaging and prevention initiatives, as well as future research, will be discussed.

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“…a smoke-filled room) to be an emergency was influenced by other witnesses to the event. In their study of alcohol-related sexual assault on college campuses, Pugh et al (2016) found that the certainty of risk to a female victim was one element in determining bystanders' response to the situation. When bystanders determined that the situation constituted a clear, blatant emergency, they were more likely to intervene than when the victim did not appear to be in immediate danger.…”

Section: Ambiguitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Does sexual orientation of bullying target influence bystander response?

Day¹

2020

The Irish Journal of Management

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The Bystander Intervention Model (BIM) is applied to explore how bystanders to workplace bullying assess situations and choose responses based on the (female) target’s sexual orientation. We investigate how attitudes of homophobia and amnestic heterosexism (AH) affect these responses. Vignettes of workplace mistreatment against lesbian, female bisexuals, or female heterosexual targets were randomly presented to respondents, who were asked to assess the degree of “mistreatment” they perceive, their feelings of personal responsibility, and their anticipated responses. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Regardless of levels of homophobia or AH, respondents report less active intervention when the target is lesbian compared to bisexual or heterosexual females. Respondents do not distinguish between conditions in clarity or severity of bullying. However, those higher in homophobia and AH feel less personal responsibility and are less likely to intervene when the target is lesbian.

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Victim Ambiguity: Bystander Intervention and Sexual Assault in the College Drinking Scene

Cited by 60 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of Alcohol Intoxication on Bystander Intervention in a Vignette Depiction of Sexual Assault

Effect of Alcohol Intoxication on Bystander Intervention in a Vignette Depiction of Sexual Assault

Readiness to Help: How Students' Sexual Assault Awareness, Responsibility, and Action Correlate with Bystander Intervention Behavior

Does sexual orientation of bullying target influence bystander response?

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