Vice in the Third Reich? Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs

Lewy, Jonathan

doi:10.5040/9781474292948.ch-003

Life and Times in Nazi Germany 2016

DOI: 10.5040/9781474292948.ch-003

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Vice in the Third Reich? Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs

Jonathan Lewy¹

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2018

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“…7 Per capital alcohol consumption was a reliable index of German prosperity, and it recovered rapidly in the early years of Adolf Hitler's dictatorship. 8 The Nazi paramilitary formations certainly played their part: there were, after all, some four-and-a-half million men in the Sturmabteilung (SA) by early 1934. 9 Westermann's article uncovers the social functions of alcohol consumption in that subculture.…”

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Commentary: Masculinity and the Racial State

Dillon

2018

Cent Eur Hist

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In their 1991 monograph on Nazi Germany,The Racial State, Michael Burleigh and Wolfgang Wippermann asked why it was “acceptable to use anthropological categories in the case of youth or women, and apparently unacceptable to employ them in the case of men?” The expansive historiography of Nazism, they complained, offered nothing “beyond an isolated venture into the realm of male fantasies, or a few studies of homosexuals.” The answer, in fact, had a lot more to do with scholarly motivation than acceptability. Put starkly, there was no intellectualfrissonin recovering the history of “men” as a social category in Nazi Germany. Influential asThe Racial Stateproved to be in driving the research agenda for historians of National Socialism, the authors’ ensuing chapter, “Men in the Third Reich,” merely confirmed as much. It presented a dry, empirical overview of Nazi racial and economic policies, excised of those specifically directed at women and children. The termsgender,masculine, ormasculinitydo not appear once in thirty-six dense pages of text. To be sure, this reflected the wider state of knowledge in the academy. Now, almost three decades later, historians can draw on a sociology of gender relations that was still in its infancy when Burleigh and Wippermann were writing. They study “men” to decode historical configurations of power. They no longer conceive of women, children, and men as discrete actor groups, but as protagonists in systems of gender relations. A sophisticated interdisciplinary literature has rendered men legible as gendered subjects, rather than as an unmarked norm. This scholarship stresses the plurality of masculine identities. It advises that a racial state, like all known states, will be a patriarchal institution, and that the gendering of oppressed ethnic minorities plays a key role in the construction of majority femininities and masculinities. By pondering the relationship between racial and social identities in Nazi Germany, Burleigh and Wippermann nevertheless raised questions with which historians continue to grapple. Each of the contributors to this special issue ofCentral European Historyfocuses productively on the intersection of gender, ethnicity, and power in the “racial state.”

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Commentary: Masculinity and the Racial State

Dillon

2018

Cent Eur Hist

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Vice in the Third Reich? Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs

Cited by 1 publication

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Commentary: Masculinity and the Racial State

Commentary: Masculinity and the Racial State

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