Vicarious PTSD in Sardasht chemical warfare victims’ offspring

Ahmadi, Khodabakhsh; Reshadatjoo, Mahmood; Karami, Gholamreza; Sepehrvand, Nariman; Ahmadi, Pegah

doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.067

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In the eight-year Iran-Iraq war, more than 50,000 military and civilian people were directly and indirectly affected by chemical attacks. In the summer of 1987, the Iraqi army attacked the civilian city of Sardasht, one of the cities of West Azerbaijan province, with mustard sulfur gas, which resulted in the death and injury of 4500 people (8). Another catastrophic CBRN event was the 9-magnitude earthquake and subsequent tsunami on March 11, 2011, in Japan, which caused the release of radioactive materials, forced about 160,000 people to leave their homes, and had a great psychological impact on the community (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Level of Preparedness of Iranian Hospitals against CBRN Incidents: A Case Study of Hospitals in West Azerbaijan Province

Beikmohammadi,

Amirheidari,

Dehesh

et al. 2023

Shiraz E-Med J

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Background: Hospitals are the front line of dealing with Incidents. Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) incidents are alarming for governments' healthcare providers and the public. Therefore, they must make the necessary preparations to deal with these incidents. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the preparedness of hospitals against chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear incidents and the related influential factors. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional survey in northwest Iran, 2020-2022. The statistical population was the hospitals of West Azerbaijan province. The inclusion criteria were that hospitals must be university or therapeutic affiliated with the West Azerbaijan University of Medical Sciences, and at least one year had to be passed since the hospital’s operation. Also, the exclusion criteria were that the hospitals were on the verge of closing or changing their use. In this way, 26 hospitals in West Azerbaijan were studied. The "Canadian Center for Emergency Preparedness" evaluation checklist research tool was used to determine the level of preparedness of the studied hospitals in CBRN incidents. The data was collected for 5 months, from January to May 2021. Cronbach's alpha score for this checklist was 0.94. Descriptive and analytical statistics indicators were used for data analysis using SPSS 20 software. Results: The study showed that the hospitals lacked the preparation, capacities, and abilities to deal with CBRN incidents. In the single-variable mode, in the chemical dimension, the number of morgues of the deceased (P = 0.006); in the biological aspect, per capita educational factors in the biological domain (P = 0.03), the number of facility personnel (P = 0.04), the number of infectious disease specialists (P = 0.02), the number of equipment with optimal laboratory capabilities (P = 0.04), and the number of morgues of the deceased (P = 0.006); in the radiological and nuclear dimensions per capita of nuclear education (P = 0.01) and dosimeter (P = 0.03), and the general dimension the CBRN training per capita (P = 0.004), the number of personnel (P = 0.015), and laboratory equipment (P = 0.006) had a significant relationship with the preparedness of hospitals against CBRN incidents (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, this study's results showed that hospitals' preparedness against CBRN incidents was unsatisfactory, and appropriate policies needed to be adopted to improve it.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Level of Preparedness of Iranian Hospitals against CBRN Incidents: A Case Study of Hospitals in West Azerbaijan Province

Beikmohammadi,

Amirheidari,

Dehesh

et al. 2023

Shiraz E-Med J

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“…Also, in Iran, as Pourafshar et al reported there was 49% to 51% of STS symptoms among caregivers of patients with PTSD ( 16 ). Another study in Sardasht, Iran, investigated that the total number of PTSD in spouses of veterans was significantly higher than normal women without a veteran husband ( 17 ). A study in Tehran, Iran, also investigated that the mean number of STS in spouses of veterans with PTSD was 55.70 ( 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary traumatic stress, dissociative and somatization symptoms in spouses of veterans with PTSD in Zahedan, Iran

et al. 2017

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IntroductionSecondary traumatic stress is a disorder which occurs in spouses and people with close relation to someone with posttraumatic stress disorder. Like PTSD, it seems that STS also occurs with other psychiatric problems like somatization and dissociation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between STS and somatization and dissociation symptoms.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was done in 2015 and lasted for one year. Self-report questionnaires assessing secondary traumatic stress symptoms, dissociation symptoms and somatization symptoms were distributed among spouses of veterans with PTSD in Zahedan, Iran. The relationship between STS symptoms and somatization symptoms and also between STS symptoms and dissociation symptoms were determined by Pearson correlation test. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis.ResultsOccurrence of secondary traumatic stress symptoms were correlated with dissociation symptoms and also with somatization symptoms.ConclusionsAs the rate of secondary traumatic stress rose, the rate of somatization and dissociation symptoms in spouses of veterans increased.

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“…PTSD was reported to be more frequent in Iranian warfare victims in comparison with other disabled veterans [1,2]. Malingering sometimes occurs among patients who seek treatment for PTSD as a result of war-related trauma experiences [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malingering and PTSD: Detecting malingering and war related PTSD by Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST)

et al. 2013

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BackgroundMalingering is prevalent in PTSD, especially in delayed-onset PTSD. Despite the attempts to detect it, indicators, tools and methods to accurately detect malingering need extensive scientific and clinical research. Therefore, this study was designed to validate a tool that can detect malingering of war-related PTSD by Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST).MethodsIn this blind clinical diagnosis study, one hundred and twenty veterans referred to War Related PTSD Diagnosis Committee in Iran in 2011 were enrolled. In the first step, the clients received Psychiatry diagnosis and were divided into two groups based on the DSM-IV-TR, and in the second step, the participants completed M-FAST.ResultsThe t-test score within two groups by M-FAST Scale showed a significant difference (t = 14.058, P < 0.0001), and 92% of malingering war-related PTSD participants scored more than 6 and %87 of PTSD group scored less than 6 in M-FAST Scale.ConclusionsM-FAST showed a significant difference between war-related PTSD and malingering participants. The ≥6 score cutoff was suggested by M-FAST to detect malingering of war-related PTSD.

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Vicarious PTSD in Sardasht chemical warfare victims’ offspring

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Investigating the Level of Preparedness of Iranian Hospitals against CBRN Incidents: A Case Study of Hospitals in West Azerbaijan Province

Investigating the Level of Preparedness of Iranian Hospitals against CBRN Incidents: A Case Study of Hospitals in West Azerbaijan Province

Secondary traumatic stress, dissociative and somatization symptoms in spouses of veterans with PTSD in Zahedan, Iran

Malingering and PTSD: Detecting malingering and war related PTSD by Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST)

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