Vibrio species are predominantly intracellular within cultures of Neoparamoeba perurans, causative agent of Amoebic Gill Disease (AGD)

Macphail, D.; Koppenstein, Rhea; Maciver, Sutherland K.; Paley, Richard; Longshaw, Matt; Henriquez, Fiona L.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736083

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In some cases, we must consider a symbiotic relation between the amoeba and bacteria, because intracellular presence of Vibrio sp. has been detected in amoebae (Mac Phail et al, 2020). In addition, the availability of molecular marker data and the isolated strains of invertebrates in collections are low (Dyková et al, 2007(Dyková et al, , 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Winter Storms on the Sea Urchin Pathogen Assemblages

et al. 2022

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In recent years, recurrent sea urchin mass mortalities in the Canary Islands have been registered. These mortality-related events have decimated 93% of the eastern Atlantic populations of the barren-forming sea urchin Diadema africanum. Two severe episodes of rough southeastern seas led to winter storms in February 2010 (Xynthia) and February 2018 (Emma) and preceded the last mass mortality event. We hypothesized that these events are related to the mass mortalities registered during the February in those years. Previous studies identified Neoparamoeba branchiphila as the causal agent of the disease, possibly acting in synergy with Vibrio alginolyticus and/or other pathogens. To determine the link between winter storms and the sea urchin pathogen community, we monitored the marine pathogen assemblage before and after the winter storm Filomena (February 2020) on Tenerife Island, on different habitats (sea water, sediment and algae) and in four species of sea urchin hosts (D. africanum, Arbacia lixula, Paracentrotus lividus and Sphaerechinus granularis). A total of six pathogens, including N. branchiphila, Vexillifera minutissima, Acanthamoeba sp., Vahlkampfia sp., V. alginolyticus and green colonies of Vibrio spp., were identified. Only small amoebas were found in sea urchins, while Vibrio species were more common in seawater, sediment and algae substrates. V. alginolyticus was occasionally detected in three sea urchins specimens, while N. branchiphila was found in the coelom of all four sea urchin studied. As previously hypothesized, a significant pathogen increment in seawater and in the sea urchin species D. africanum and P. lividus, was found after Filomena. Our results confirmed the relationship between the winter storms and marine pathogen dynamics. However, further studies are needed to demonstrate the direct relationship between these pathogen increases and the sea urchin mass mortalities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Winter Storms on the Sea Urchin Pathogen Assemblages

et al. 2022

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“…The detection of Halomonas halocynthiae is also pertinent as an exclusive marine inhabiting species, which has been isolated from the gill surface of other marine organisms (179). This genus has also been identified in concert with in vitro cultured N. perurans in amplicon sequencing studies (26). Similarly, Adhaeribacter aquaticus is another species typically associated with aquatic biofilm environments and is likely present in this dataset as a commensal taxon.…”

Section: Do Commensal Bacteria Have a Role In Agd Pathogenicity?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genome sequencing of the related species Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis and its Perkinsela endosymbiont has demonstrated mosaic biochemical pathways between the two genomes, suggesting an interdependence between host and endosymbiont (25). Furthermore, bacteria and viruses may contribute to the pathogenicity and virulence of N. perurans which has been reported to harbor the pathogenic bacteria, Vibrio within its microenvironment (26). Increased pathogenicity and virulence on passage through amoeba hosts has been reported previously for the amoeba species, Acanthamoeba castellanii and Acanthamoeba astronyxis and the bacteria Legionella pneumophilia (27,28).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-Parasite Interaction of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and the Ectoparasite Neoparamoeba perurans in Amoebic Gill Disease

et al. 2021

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Marine farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are susceptible to recurrent amoebic gill disease (AGD) caused by the ectoparasite Neoparamoeba perurans over the growout production cycle. The parasite elicits a highly localized response within the gill epithelium resulting in multifocal mucoid patches at the site of parasite attachment. This host-parasite response drives a complex immune reaction, which remains poorly understood. To generate a model for host-parasite interaction during pathogenesis of AGD in Atlantic salmon the local (gill) and systemic transcriptomic response in the host, and the parasite during AGD pathogenesis was explored. A dual RNA-seq approach together with differential gene expression and system-wide statistical analyses of gene and transcription factor networks was employed. A multi-tissue transcriptomic data set was generated from the gill (including both lesioned and non-lesioned tissue), head kidney and spleen tissues naïve and AGD-affected Atlantic salmon sourced from an in vivo AGD challenge trial. Differential gene expression of the salmon host indicates local and systemic upregulation of defense and immune responses. Two transcription factors, znfOZF-like and znf70-like, and their associated gene networks significantly altered with disease state. The majority of genes in these networks are candidates for mediators of the immune response, cellular proliferation and invasion. These include Aurora kinase B-like, rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 25-like and protein NDNF-like inhibited. Analysis of the N. perurans transcriptome during AGD pathology compared to in vitro cultured N. perurans trophozoites, as a proxy for wild type trophozoites, identified multiple gene candidates for virulence and indicates a potential master regulatory gene system analogous to the two-component PhoP/Q system. Candidate genes identified are associated with invasion of host tissue, evasion of host defense mechanisms and formation of the mucoid lesion. We generated a novel model for host-parasite interaction during AGD pathogenesis through integration of host and parasite functional profiles. Collectively, this dual transcriptomic study provides novel molecular insights into the pathology of AGD and provides alternative theories for future research in a step towards improved management of AGD.

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“…Strikingly, many previously unidentified and uncultured Vibrio spp. await discovery that are intracellular inhabitants of amoebae [ 99 ]. Vibrio fischeri cells have been observed in squid hemocytes, but an intracellular life stage is not thought to be an intrinsic part of the squid– Vibrio mutualism [ 100 ].…”

Section: Intracellular Niches and Resistance To Heavy Metal Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Research Topics in the Vibrionaceae and the Squid–Vibrio Symbiosis

Soto

2022

Microorganisms

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The Vibrionaceae encompasses a cosmopolitan group that is mostly aquatic and possesses tremendous metabolic and genetic diversity. Given the importance of this taxon, it deserves continued and deeper research in a multitude of areas. This review outlines emerging topics of interest within the Vibrionaceae. Moreover, previously understudied research areas are highlighted that merit further exploration, including affiliations with marine plants (seagrasses), microbial predators, intracellular niches, and resistance to heavy metal toxicity. Agarases, phototrophy, phage shock protein response, and microbial experimental evolution are also fields discussed. The squid–Vibrio symbiosis is a stellar model system, which can be a useful guiding light on deeper expeditions and voyages traversing these “seas of interest”. Where appropriate, the squid–Vibrio mutualism is mentioned in how it has or could facilitate the illumination of these various subjects. Additional research is warranted on the topics specified herein, since they have critical relevance for biomedical science, pharmaceuticals, and health care. There are also practical applications in agriculture, zymology, food science, and culinary use. The tractability of microbial experimental evolution is explained. Examples are given of how microbial selection studies can be used to examine the roles of chance, contingency, and determinism (natural selection) in shaping Earth’s natural history.

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Vibrio species are predominantly intracellular within cultures of Neoparamoeba perurans, causative agent of Amoebic Gill Disease (AGD)

Abstract: Colour print requested for figure 2 and figure 3* Vibrio species are predominantly intracellular within cultures of Neoparamoeba perurans, causative agent of Amoebic Gill Disease (AGD)

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Influence of Winter Storms on the Sea Urchin Pathogen Assemblages

Influence of Winter Storms on the Sea Urchin Pathogen Assemblages

Host-Parasite Interaction of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and the Ectoparasite Neoparamoeba perurans in Amoebic Gill Disease

Emerging Research Topics in the Vibrionaceae and the Squid–Vibrio Symbiosis

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