Vibrio shiloi sp. nov., the causative agent of bleaching of the coral Oculina patagonica.

Kushmaro, Ariel; Banin, Ehud; Loya, Yossi; Stackebrandt, Erko; Rosenberg, Eugene

doi:10.1099/00207713-51-4-1383

Cited by 235 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although we do not have evidence for a causal link, the manifestation of the disease is strikingly similar to that previously described for Vibrio-implicated mass mortalities of various marine invertebrate groups (Eckert et al, 2000;Kushmaro et al, 2001;Becker et al, 2004), with Vibrio abundance often coupled to increased water temperatures (Kaspar & Tamplin, 1993;Pfeffer et al, 2003). Future work is needed to investigate a causal link between the disease and individual bacteria found in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Lawrence, 2004;Sabaté, 2006;Ward et al, 2007;Webster, 2007). A majority of these studies deal with mass mortalities observed in different coral species and other sessile invertebrates (Perez et al, 2000;Kushmaro et al, 2001;Boyett et al, 2007;Remily & Richardson, 2006;Ward et al, 2007). From these various investigations we know that temperature anomalies on tropical coral reefs routinely exceed coral stress thresholds, with temperature considered to be a critical variable in coral hostpathogen systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Temperature induced disease in the starfish Astropecten jonstoni

Staehli

Schaerer

Hoelzle

et al. 2009

Mar. Biodivers. Rec.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature induced disease in the starfish Astropecten jonstoni

Staehli

Schaerer

Hoelzle

et al. 2009

Mar. Biodivers. Rec.

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“…In particular, exudates from Turbinaria differentially selected for OTUs within the generic clades of Vibrio/Photobacterium, Pseudoalteromonas and Alteromonas (Figure 3 and Table 5), each of which composed between 3% and 5% of the total 16S reads to collectively dominate the communities (Supplementary Table S5). Each of these clades contains cultured isolates putatively associated with coral disease (Kushmaro et al, 2001;Ben-Haim et al, 2003;Costa-Ramos and Rowley, 2004;Bally and Garrabou, 2007). However, we emphasize that these VF analyses are supportive, rather than definitive evidence for the enhanced pathogenicity of algal-enriched communities.…”

Section: Differential Growth Of Bacterioplankton Taxa On Dom Exudatesmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The evidence presented here should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating rather than definitive proof that algal exudates select for coral pathogens. Nonetheless, there is significant evidence for opportunistic pathogenicity in many bacterial lineages, particularly the copiotrophic Gammaproteobacteria taxa identified here such as Vibrio (Kushmaro et al, 2001;Ben-Haim et al, 2003;Rosenberg et al, 2007). The etiologies of marine diseases frequently cannot be determined (Rosenberg et al, 2009).…”

Section: Ecological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coral and macroalgal exudates vary in neutral sugar composition and differentially enrich reef bacterioplankton lineages

et al. 2013

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Increasing algal cover on tropical reefs worldwide may be maintained through feedbacks whereby algae outcompete coral by altering microbial activity. We hypothesized that algae and coral release compositionally distinct exudates that differentially alter bacterioplankton growth and community structure. We collected exudates from the dominant hermatypic coral holobiont Porites spp. and three dominant macroalgae (one each Ochrophyta, Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta) from reefs of Mo'orea, French Polynesia. We characterized exudates by measuring dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and fractional dissolved combined neutral sugars (DCNSs) and subsequently tracked bacterioplankton responses to each exudate over 48 h, assessing cellular growth, DOC/DCNS utilization and changes in taxonomic composition (via 16S rRNA amplicon pyrosequencing). Fleshy macroalgal exudates were enriched in the DCNS components fucose (Ochrophyta) and galactose (Rhodophyta); coral and calcareous algal exudates were enriched in total DCNS but in the same component proportions as ambient seawater. Rates of bacterioplankton growth and DOC utilization were significantly higher in algal exudate treatments than in coral exudate and control incubations with each community selectively removing different DCNS components. Coral exudates engendered the smallest shift in overall bacterioplankton community structure, maintained high diversity and enriched taxa from Alphaproteobacteria lineages containing cultured representatives with relatively few virulence factors (VFs) (Hyphomonadaceae and Erythrobacteraceae). In contrast, macroalgal exudates selected for less diverse communities heavily enriched in copiotrophic Gammaproteobacteria lineages containing cultured pathogens with increased VFs (Vibrionaceae and Pseudoalteromonadaceae). Our results demonstrate that algal exudates are enriched in DCNS components, foster rapid growth of bacterioplankton and select for bacterial populations with more potential VFs than coral exudates.

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“…patagonica bleaches annually in precisely midJune when water temperatures rise above 241C, bleaching then continues throughout the spring and summer, by which time water temperatures reach 321C and up to 80% of the population has bleached (Kushmaro et al, 1998(Kushmaro et al, , 2001Israely et al, 2001). V. shiloi has been reported, from laboratory studies, to become virulent at water temperatures of 241C, penetrating the coral and multiplying within the tissues (Kushmaro et al, 1998;Israely et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria are not the primary cause of bleaching in the Mediterranean coral Oculina patagonica

et al. 2007

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Coral bleaching occurs when the endosymbiosis between corals and their symbionts disintegrates during stress. Mass coral bleaching events have increased over the past 20 years and are directly correlated with periods of warm sea temperatures. However, some hypotheses have suggested that reef-building corals bleach due to infection by bacterial pathogens. The 'Bacterial Bleaching' hypothesis is based on laboratory studies of the Mediterranean invading coral, Oculina patagonica, and has further generated conclusions such as the coral probiotic hypothesis and coral hologenome theory of evolution. We aimed to investigate the natural microbial ecology of O. patagonica during the annual bleaching using fluorescence in situ hybridization to map bacterial populations within the coral tissue layers, and found that the coral bleaches on the temperate rocky reefs of the Israeli coastline without the presence of Vibrio shiloi or bacterial penetration of its tissue layers. Bacterial communities were found associated with the endolithic layer of bleached coral regions, and a community dominance shift from an apparent cyanobacterial-dominated endolithic layer to an algal-dominated layer was found in bleached coral samples. While bacterial communities certainly play important roles in coral stasis and health, we suggest environmental stressors, such as those documented with reef-building corals, are the primary triggers leading to bleaching of O. patagonica and suggest that bacterial involvement in patterns of bleaching is that of opportunistic colonization.

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Vibrio shiloi sp. nov., the causative agent of bleaching of the coral Oculina patagonica.

Cited by 235 publications

References 20 publications

Temperature induced disease in the starfish Astropecten jonstoni

Temperature induced disease in the starfish Astropecten jonstoni

Coral and macroalgal exudates vary in neutral sugar composition and differentially enrich reef bacterioplankton lineages

Bacteria are not the primary cause of bleaching in the Mediterranean coral Oculina patagonica

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