“…The current seventh pandemic (7P) of cholera began in 1961 and is attributed to a V. cholerae O1 biotype El Tor lineage, which is different from the Classical biotype V. cholerae O1 thought to be responsible for previous pandemics. Aside from being a prominent human pathogen, exploratory analyses have demonstrated since the 1970s that V. cholerae is an integral member of many coastal, estuarine, and brackish water ecosystems, as are other Vibrio species, in which it is often associated with copepods and zooplankton (2). Accordingly, a view of V. cholerae epidemiology emerged in the following decades, which posits that locally evolving, but globally distributed, V. cholerae populations are responsible for cholera outbreaks, which occur when climatic or environmental stimuli provide favorable bacterial growth conditions in these environs (3,4).…”