Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa El Tor strains with the ctxB7 allele driving cholera outbreaks in south-western India in 2012

Kumar, Pramod; Mishra, Deepak Kumar; Deshmukh, Durgesh G.; Jain, Meenu; Zade, A.M.; Ingole, Kishor; Goel, Ajay; Yadava, Pramod Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2014.03.020

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This lineage has been a dominant cause of disease in recent years. Indeed, at least through 2012, this strain has accounted for nearly all cholera monitored in India and Bangladesh (7,20,21). The strain has spread across all major continents since its first detection in 2004 (7), including isolation in Asia and Africa and accounting for recent outbreaks in the Caribbean (7) and Mexico (45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phenotypic Analysis Reveals that the 2010 Haiti Cholera Epidemic Is Linked to a Hypervirulent Strain

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

bVibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains have been responsible for pandemic cholera since 1961. These strains have evolved over time, spreading globally in three separate waves. Wave 3 is caused by altered El Tor (AET) variant strains, which include the strain with the signature ctxB7 allele that was introduced in 2010 into Haiti, where it caused a devastating epidemic. In this study, we used phenotypic analysis to compare an early isolate from the Haiti epidemic to wave 1 El Tor isolates commonly used for research. It is demonstrated that the Haiti isolate has increased production of cholera toxin (CT) and hemolysin, increased motility, and a reduced ability to form biofilms. This strain also outcompetes common wave 1 El Tor isolates for colonization of infant mice, indicating that it has increased virulence. Monitoring of CT production and motility in additional wave 3 isolates revealed that this phenotypic variation likely evolved over time rather than in a single genetic event. Analysis of available whole-genome sequences and phylogenetic analyses suggested that increased virulence arose from positive selection for mutations found in known and putative regulatory genes, including hns and vieA, diguanylate cyclase genes, and genes belonging to the lysR and gntR regulatory families. Overall, the studies presented here revealed that V. cholerae virulence potential can evolve and that the currently prevalent wave 3 AET strains are both phenotypically distinct from and more virulent than many El Tor isolates.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was also identified as the cause of outbreaks in Orissa, India, in 2007 (19), in Cameroon, Zimbabwe, and South Africa in 2009, and in Nepal in 2010 (8,13,14,18). The strain has been the predominant cause of cholera in India and Bangladesh at least to 2012 (7,20,21). This is also the strain that was introduced into Haiti in 2010 (10,(14)(15)(16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Phenotypic Analysis Reveals that the 2010 Haiti Cholera Epidemic Is Linked to a Hypervirulent Strain

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, other finger typing methods such us Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), MultiLocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Multi-virulence Locus Sequencing Typing (MVLST) methods (e.g. Teh et al, 2011b;Kumar et al, 2014) are recommended for further analysis of the genetic variations and relatedness of the isolated strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wide variety of techniques are used to study the pathogenicity and identification of V. cholerae (Nandi et al, 2000;Binsztein et al, 2004;Rao and Surendran, 2010;Teh et al, 2011a;Kumar et al 2014). Repetitive element sequence-based PCR fingerprinting studies have repeatedly revealed a high degree of diversity among nontoxigenic and toxigenic V. cholerae isolates from various sources (Teh et al, 2011a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic relationship between clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae isolates in Tanzania: A comparison using repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) fingerprinting approach

Dalusi¹,

Saarenheimo²,

Lyimo³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The bacterium causing cholera, Vibrio cholerae, is a marine organism and coastal waters are important reservoirs of the organism. There are more than 200 serogroups of V. cholerae, of which serogroups O1 and O139 are known to be the causative agent of the cholera. The main virulent factor in V. cholerae is cholera toxin gene (ctx) that is found from the epidemic O1 and O139 strains, but may also be found in some strains other than O1 and O139 (non-O1 and non-O139). In this study, 48 V. cholerae strains isolated from three estuaries of Tanzania and 20 stool isolates were characterized in terms of their serogroups and possession of ctx gene and then compared using two PCR based fingerprinting methods: Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) sequences and repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences. All the stool isolates and twelve of the environmental isolates belonged to serogroup O1 while the remaining 36 environmental isolates were defined as non-O1/O139. The entire stool isolates and 21 of the environmental isolates had the cholera toxin gene (ctxA). Both ERIC and REP methods gave almost unique fingerprints for each strain and confirmed high genetic heterogeneity among the different cholera strains. Higher similarity was observed in REP-PCR (70-100%) than in ERIC-PCR (62-100%), indicating different discriminative power of these methods. Environmental isolates clustered together with clinical isolates at ≥90% similarity level suggesting their great potential of producing pathogenic strains that may be the causative agents for the frequent observed cholera outbreaks particularly along the coast.

show abstract

“…Multidrug resistance in V. cholerae is a result of acquisition of genetic elements located within the chromosomal DNA, such as integrons and SXT constin, as vehicles of the transport of genetic determinants responsible for resistance [9][10][11] . Recently, most of the large cholera outbreaks were associated with V. cholerae having multidrug resistance mediated by SXT and integron elements [12][13][14] . Thus, antimicrobial resistance can increase the outbreak size, duration and case fatality rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bactericidal Efficacy of Allium sativum (garlic) Against Multidrug Resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 Epidemic Strains

Kumar¹,

Yadav²,

Jain³

et al. 2016

Def. Sc. Jl.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, emerging trend of antibiotic resistance in Vibrio cholerae associated with cholera epidemics is a matter of serious concern for the management of the disease. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics generally results in selection of antibiotic resistant strains. Introduction of newer antibiotics is a challenging task for the researchers as bacteria soon attain resistance. Therefore, identifying natural compounds of medicinal importance for control of cholera would be the best alternative. Garlic (Allium sativum) was recognised for many centuries in early Chinese, Egyptian and Indian civilisations as an herbal or traditional medicine. In present study, garlic was selected for screening of antimicrobial efficacy against V. cholerae. A total of 55 V. cholerae strains isolated from various outbreaks/epidemics were subjected to antimicrobial testing as per CLSI, USA 2010 guidelines. Antimicrobial screening of garlic extract was performed against all the multidrug resistant strains of V. cholerae. The garlic extracts showed antibacterial activity against all the V. cholerae strains tested, irrespective of their origin, multidrug resistance and virulence. Antibacterial efficacy of garlic on V. cholerae was also evident from in vivo study on sealed adult mice model. Thus, the Garlic extract harnesses the potential to control infection of multidrug resistant V. cholerae, especially in outbreak like situations in remote and under developed areas where drug supply itself is a challenge.

show abstract

Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa El Tor strains with the ctxB7 allele driving cholera outbreaks in south-western India in 2012

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Phenotypic Analysis Reveals that the 2010 Haiti Cholera Epidemic Is Linked to a Hypervirulent Strain

Phenotypic Analysis Reveals that the 2010 Haiti Cholera Epidemic Is Linked to a Hypervirulent Strain

Genetic relationship between clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae isolates in Tanzania: A comparison using repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) fingerprinting approach

Bactericidal Efficacy of Allium sativum (garlic) Against Multidrug Resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 Epidemic Strains

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About