Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 infection in fish in the Czech Republic

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Pathogenic Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 was isolated from the fry of the Cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi and in adult Raphael catfish, Platydoras costatus kept in aquarium conditions. Further, an outbreak of vibriosis occurred in the wild populations of common nase, Chondrostoma nasus; chub, Squalius cephalus; gudgeon, Gobio gobio; stone loach, Barbatula barbatula; barbel, Barbus barbus; European grayling, Thymallus thymallus; schneider, Alburnoides bipunctatus; and brown trout, Salmo trutta morpha trutta. Mortality was not observed in the Eurasian minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus. During 14 days the acute rather than the sub-acute-to-chronic process of the disease prevailed with severe gross lesions in common nase and chub (diffused and focal haemorrhages, erythema and hyperaemia located especially in the abdominal region, within the mouth and at the base of fins). Only in the infection of the common nase was the whole eye affected, causing rupture of the globe and destruction of ocular structures. Gross pathological lesions in experimentally infected fish manifested themselves as gasping, erratic swimming, congested capillaries on the wall of the air bladder and fluid and blood accumulation in the abdominal cavity. Injection of 2 × 10 4 bacteria (common carp, rainbow trout) and injection of 2 × 10 8 bacteria (common nase) via i.p. route resulted in mortalities within 120hrs and 16 h, respectively. Factors underlying the rise of infection are discussed, including an extraordinary increase in water temperature (20 °C to 23 °C), fluctuating oxygen content and low water level which contributed to increasing the concentration of the faecal contamination of water: these factors could stimulate the virulence of the vibrios, which survive in aquatic flora and fauna and in the biofilm on the surface of sediments.

Transmission and Toxigenic Potential of Vibrio cholerae in Hilsha Fish (Tenualosa ilisha) for Human Consumption in Bangladesh

“…Vibrio cholerae has been isolated from other fish species including fresh water Tilapia species in Israel, Burkina Faso, and Tanzania (Senderovich et al, 2010 ; Traor et al, 2014 ; Hounmanou et al, 2016 ), from Ayu fish in the rivers of Japan (Kiiyukia et al, 1992 ), from the species Rastrineobola argentea and Oreochromis niloticus in Lake Victoria, Kenya (Onyuka et al, 2011 ), and from ornamental fish in Czech Republic (Rehulka et al, 2015 ). Reports also demonstrate isolation of V. cholerae from marine fish species (Scheelbeek et al, 2009 ; Senderovich et al, 2010 ).…”

Fish as Hosts of Vibrio cholerae

“…V. cholerae was isolated from internal organs of diseased ayu ( Plecoglossus altivelis ) and guppy fish ( Poecilia reticulate ) in Japan and Iran, respectively (Yamanoi et al, 1980 ; Kiiyukia et al, 1992 ; Kiani et al, 2016 ) and from Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) that were cultured in floating cages in Thailand (Dong et al, 2015 ) (Table 1 ). Rehulka et al ( 2015 ) demonstrated that an intraperitoneal injection of V. cholerae into common carp, rainbow trout and common nase caused the death of the injected fish (Table 1 ).…”

Virulence‐associated factors in Vibrio cholerae non‐O1/non‐O139 and V. mimicus strains isolated in ornamental fish species

“…In fact, in countries where cholera is not endemic is of a particularly concern the possible transmission of the main human pathogenic species, Vibrio cholerae . However, while no cases of cholera have been reported by aquarists in connection with their hobby, the presence of V. cholerae non‐O1/non‐O139, carrying enterotoxins, can cause gastroenteritis (Manfrin et al., ; Rehulka, Petras, Marejkova, & Aldova, ). Senderovich, Izhaki, and Halpern () suggested that fish of various species and habitats can harbour V. cholerae in their digestive tract and act as vectors and reservoirs of this microorganism in different aquatic environments.…”