Vibratory noise in anthropogenic habitats and its effect on prey detection in a web-building spider

Wu, Chung-Huey; Elias, Damian O.

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.006

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…An important premise within SDT is that d' is inversely related to the magnitude of internal and external noise. This masking effect, defined as a change in the probability of perceiving a signal in the presence of a second stimulus (Gelfand, ), has been observed for a diverse range of species in relation to multiple sensory modalities; e.g ., sound (Lohr et al ., ; Wollerman & Wiley, ), vibration (Wu & Elias, ), vision (Woo et al ., ) and hydrodynamic signal detection (Bassett et al ., ; Engelmann et al ., ; Kröther et al ., ). However, to the best of our knowledge, masking has never been used to limit the detection of a signal for conservation purposes, such as the protection of fish at river infrastructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masking a fish's detection of environmental stimuli: application to improving downstream migration at river infrastructure

Kerr

Kemp

2018

Journal of Fish Biology

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According to Signal Detection Theory, the ability to detect a stimulus (discriminability, d') is inversely related to the magnitude of internal and external noise. In this study, downstream moving brown trout Salmo trutta were used to investigate whether external hydrodynamic noise (in this case turbulence) could mask a signal that induced an unwanted response, such as rejecting accelerating velocity gradients commonly encountered at entrances to fish bypass channels. S. trutta behaviour was quantified in the absence (control) or presence of an accelerating velocity gradient created by an unconstricted or constricted channel, respectively, under two levels (low and high) of background turbulent kinetic energy (hydrodynamic noise). Experiments were conducted in an indoor recirculating flume in the dark and a range of passage metrics were quantified. Under the control condition, most (ca. 91%) S. trutta passed, usually oriented downstream (67%), with minimal delay (median 0.13 min). In comparison, fewer S. trutta (ca. 43%) passed under constricted conditions, they tended to orient facing into the flow (ca. 64%) and delay was greater (median > 20 min). When viewed from a coarse‐scale perspective, discriminability of the velocity gradient was lower when turbulence was high suggesting masking of the signal occurred. However, the resulting increase in the percentage of fish that passed, decrease in time to pass and reduction in the distance at which S. trutta reacted (switched orientation) was subtle and non‐significant. Despite the mixed results obtained, the use of masking to manipulate an animal's perception of environmental stimuli as a fisheries management tool is conceptually valid and the results of this experiment present a useful stepping stone for future research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masking a fish's detection of environmental stimuli: application to improving downstream migration at river infrastructure

Kerr

Kemp

2018

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…To locate prey, the crab spider uses visual cues (Defrize, Lazzari, Warrant, & Casas, 2011) and may also use vibratory cues, similar to the web‐building spider (Wu & Elias, 2014). The tree frog uses visual cues (Freed, 1988).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional diversity and trade‐offs in divergent antipredator morphologies in herbivorous insects

Shinohara

Yasuda

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Predator–prey interactions may be responsible for enormous morphological diversity in prey species. We performed predation experiments with morphological manipulations (ablation) to investigate the defensive function of dorsal spines and explanate margins in Cassidinae leaf beetles against three types of predators: assassin bugs (stinger), crab spiders (biter), and tree frogs (swallower). There was mixed support for the importance of primary defense mechanisms (i.e., preventing detection or identification). Intact spined prey possessing dorsal spines were more likely to be attacked by assassin bugs and tree frogs, while intact armored prey possessing explanate margins were likely to avoid attack by assassin bugs. In support of the secondary defense mechanisms (i.e., preventing subjugation), dorsal spines had a significant physical defensive function against tree frogs, and explanate margins protected against assassin bugs and crab spiders. Our results suggest a trade‐off between primary and secondary defenses. Dorsal spines improved the secondary defense but weakened the primary defense against tree frogs. We also detected a trade‐off in which dorsal spines and explanate margins improved secondary defenses against mutually exclusive predator types. Adaptation to different predatory regimes and functional trade‐offs may mediate the diversification of external morphological defenses in Cassidinae leaf beetles.

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“…This unusual pattern is one that we had not predicted, and suggests an unanticipated source of selection that drives convergence in signalling traits. Two potential sources of ecological selection that may have led to this pattern are eavesdropping predators (Endler, 1980(Endler, , 1995Basolo & Wagner, 2004;Zuk et al, 2006;Trillo et al, 2013) and wind noise (McNett et al, 2010;Wu & Elias, 2014). Wind is an especially intriguing possibility in this system as all these sites are quite windy, resulting in significant levels of background noise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid diversification of sexual signals in HawaiianNesosydneplanthoppers (Hemiptera: Delphacidae): the relative role of neutral and selective forces

Goodman

Kelley

Welter

et al. 2015

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Changes in sexual signals have the potential to promote rapid divergence and reproductive isolation among populations of animals. Thus, identifying processes contributing to variation in signals is key to understanding the drivers of speciation. However, it is difficult to identify the processes initiating changes in signals in empirical systems because (1) the demographic history of populations under study is usually unclear, and (2) there is no unified hypothesis-testing framework for evaluating the simultaneous contribution of multiple processes. A unique system for study in the Hawaiian Islands, the planthopper species Nesosydne chambersi, offers a clear demographic context to disentangle these factors. By measuring variation in male vibratory sexual signals across different genetic populations on the island of Hawaii, we found that that multiple signal traits varied significantly between populations. We developed a mixed modelling framework to simultaneously test competing hypotheses about which processes contribute to changes in signal traits: genetic drift, sensory drive or reproductive character displacement. Our findings suggest that signal divergence proceeds along different axes for different signal traits under the influence of both neutral and selective processes. They are the first, to our knowledge, to document the relative importance of multiple processes on divergence in sexual signals.

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Vibratory noise in anthropogenic habitats and its effect on prey detection in a web-building spider

Cited by 30 publications

References 81 publications

Masking a fish's detection of environmental stimuli: application to improving downstream migration at river infrastructure

Masking a fish's detection of environmental stimuli: application to improving downstream migration at river infrastructure

Functional diversity and trade‐offs in divergent antipredator morphologies in herbivorous insects

Rapid diversification of sexual signals in HawaiianNesosydneplanthoppers (Hemiptera: Delphacidae): the relative role of neutral and selective forces

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