Vibrational Spectroscopy for Detection of Diabetes: A Review

Abstract

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by chronically elevated glucose caused by insulin resistance. Although T2DM is manageable through insulin therapy, the disorder itself is a risk factor for much more dangerous diseases including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, retinopathy, Alzheimer’s disease, and more. T2DM affects 450 million people worldwide and is attributed to causing over 4 million deaths each year. Current methods for detecting diabetes typically involve testing a person’s glycated hemoglobin levels as well as blood sugar levels randomly or after fasting. However, these methods can be problematic due to an individual’s levels differing on a day-to-day basis or being affected by diet or environment, and due to the lack of sensitivity and reliability within the tests themselves. Vibrational spectroscopic methods have been pursued as a novel method for detecting diabetes accurately and early-on in a minimally invasive manner. This review summarizes recent research, since 2015, which has used infrared or Raman spectroscopy for the purpose of developing a fast and accurate method for diagnosing diabetes. Based on critical evaluation of the reviewed work, vibrational spectroscopy has the potential to improve and revolutionize the way diabetes is diagnosed, thereby allowing for faster and more effective treatment of the disorder.

Label‐free laser spectroscopy for respiratory virus detection: A review

“…The chromatography methods belonging to the former group are time‐consuming and complicated. A laser vibrational spectroscopy belonging to the latter type [20–25] confirmed its suitability for the content analysis of urine, cervicovaginal fluid, blood [26–30], saliva [31], cerebrospinal fluid [32]. Still, several challenges should be tackled in biofluid analysis.…”

A Novel Method for Detecting Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in Blood Serum of mdx Mice

“…The utility of Raman spectroscopy for identifying diseases has been widely illustrated [ 17 ], including specifically for cancer [ 18 , 19 ], Alzheimer’s disease [ 16 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], and others [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. In this work, Raman spectroscopy is combined with a chemometric method called Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA).…”

Raman Spectroscopy for Forensic Identification of Body Fluid Traces: Method Validation for Potential False Negatives Caused by Blood-Affecting Diseases

“…Type 2 Diabetes is a condition characterized by abnormally high glucose levels in the blood due to scarce or ineffective insulin, which can lead to severe complications such as organ failure [15]. This particular type of diabetes is the most prevalent form with 8.6% of American adults having Type 2 diabetes compared to 0.55% of the same population having Type 1 diabetes [16].…”

“…The Raman spectra of blood from donors with Diabetes have also been shown to differ from healthy controls. This could be due to several biomarkers of the disease, such as Hemoglobin A1c [15].…”