Vibrational analysis of graphene based nanostructures

Ávila, Antônio F.; Eduardo, Alexandre Carlos; Neto, Almir Silva

doi:10.1016/j.compstruc.2011.02.017

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Load and displacement were continually measured by the load cell and extensometer, respectively. Furthermore, as this research focuses on understanding the CNT inter-lamina effect into laminated composites, the concept of representative volume element (RVE) described by Ávila et al 12 was employed. The hybrid composite laminate was composed of two layers of carbon fiber/epoxy with an extra inter-layer of fiber glass fabric where CNTs were grown in situ by thermal CVD.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frankland et al 3 , Jin and Yuan 4 and Agrawal et al 5 are among those researchers who employed molecular dynamics for analyzing CNTs. The atomistic simulation approach was employed by Belytschko et al 6 , Lurie et al 7 , Gates et al 8 , while the nano-mechanics modeling was described by Liu et al 9 , Ruoff and Pugno 10 , Li and Chou 11 , Ávila et al 12 . Although CNTs have tremendous potential in a large variety of applications, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nano-engineered composites: interlayer carbon nanotubes effect

et al. 2013

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The concept of carbon nanotube interlayer was successfully introduced to carbon fiber/epoxy composites. This new hybrid laminated composites was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and tensile tests. An increase on peak stress close to 85% was witnessed when CNTs interlayer with 206.30 mg was placed to carbon fiber/epoxy laminates. The failure mechanisms are associated to CNTs distribution between and around carbon fibers. These CNTs are also responsible for crack bridging formation and the increase on peak stress. Initial stiffness is strongly affected by the CNT interlayer, however, changes on stiffness is associated to changes on nano/micro-structure due to damage. Three different behaviors can be described, i.e. for interlayers with ≈ 60 mg of CNT the failure mode is based on cracks between and around carbon fibers, while for interlayers with CNT contents between 136 mg and 185 mg cracks were spotted on fibers and inside the CNT/matrix mix. Finally, the third failure mechanism is based on carbon fiber breakage, as a strong interface between CNT/matrix mix and carbon fibers is observed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-engineered composites: interlayer carbon nanotubes effect

et al. 2013

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“…Frankland et al 10 , Jin and Yuan 11 and Agrawal et al 12 are among those researchers who employed molecular dynamics for analyzing CNTs. The atomistic simulation approach was employed by Belytschko et al 13 19 . The basic difference between the two groups of modeling is the approach employed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Carbon/Epoxy Composites with Interlocking Properties: The Graphene Nanostructure Morphology Investigation

Ávila

Gonçalves

Carley

2014

55th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference

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Two different carbon based nanostructures, multiwall carbon nanotubes and multilayered graphene, were incorporated to carbon epoxy laminated. X-ray diffractometry indicates that graphene blocks are formed by approximately 66 layers of graphene. Scanning electron microscopy observation revealed that graphene blocks are located mainly near to the fiber/matrix region, while carbon nanotubes are dispersed into the matrix. These nanostructures can affect significantly the overall mechanical properties, in special the tensile and bending strength, which are direct, related to the internal stress distribution and failure modes. No significant stiffness changes were observed in both, tensile and bending, tests, while tensile strength were improved by 19% with 2 wt.% addition of graphene. The carbon nanotube + multi-layer graphene nanostructures need to be improved as some segregated areas between the two components were observed. Nevertheless, the results from those nano-modified specimens were all higher than the one without nanoparticle dispersion for tensile loads. When the bending tests are analyzed a different scenario is noticed. The nanostructure scattering has high influence into the laminate composite overall behavior. Matrix failure is dominant for those specimens with irregular dispersal, while a fiber failure seems to be an evidence of nanostructure uniform distribution.

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“…Tserpes and Papanikos [23] introduced an atomistic FE method based on the approach of Li and Chou [19] to model CNTs by using commercial FE codes; they identified the C-C bond thickness d, Young's modulus E and shear modulus G by using the AMBER force model [19]. By using the methods developed by Li and Chou [19] and Tserpes and Papanikos [23]; Hashemnia et al [24] and Sakhaee-Pour et al [25] examined natural frequencies and mode shapes of single-layered graphene sheets (SLGSs) and Sakhaee-Pour et al [25] predicted fundamental frequencies of SLGSs with equivalent lengths that are found to be in the range of 2.4 GHz -3.5 THz; Sakhaee-Pour et al [26] studied natural frequencies and mode shapes SWCNTs; Sakhaee-Pour [27] analyzed elastic buckling of SLGSs; Lee and Lee [28] studied vibrational behaviors of SWCNTs and SWCNCs, and predicted fundamental frequencies of SWCNCs below 20 GHz with a cone having the height of 20 Ǻ; Mir et al [29] studied natural frequencies and mode shapes of SWCNTs; Cheng et al [30] and Fan et al [31] examined mechanical properties of CNTs such as Young's modulus, shear modulus, natural frequency and buckling load; Avila et al [32] analyzed elastic and vibrational properties of GSs and CNTs; we studied twoand three-dimensional modal and transient analyses of SLGSs in [33]. In the works [19 -27, 29, 30-33], Euler-Bernoulli beam elements are used to represent bond interactions between C-C atoms in GSs, CNTs and CNCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%