Vibration Measurement Method for Artificial Structure Based on MIMO Imaging Radar

Tian, Weiming; Li, Yuqi; Hu, Cheng; Wang, Jingyang; Zeng, Tao

doi:10.1109/taes.2019.2919888

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Hu et al [28] developed another Ku-band MIMO-SAR system with 16 TXA and up to 32 RXA. They compared vibration frequencies and amplitudes derived from MIMO-SAR observations to the ones generated by a vibration calibrator and found the frequencies to be consistent and the amplitudes underestimated by 5 to 10% [31]. In the same paper, their system is applied to measure the vibrations of a car with running engine and a train bridge with and without train traffic.…”

Section: Mimo-sar In Structural Health Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

MIMO-SAR Interferometric Measurements for Structural Monitoring: Accuracy and Limitations

2021

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Terrestrial Radar Interferometry (TRI) is a measurement technique capable of measuring displacements with high temporal resolution at high accuracy. Current implementations of TRI use large and/or movable antennas for generating two-dimensional displacement maps. Multiple Input Multiple Output Synthetic Aperture Radar (MIMO-SAR) systems are an emerging alternative. As they have no moving parts, they are more easily deployable and cost-effective. These features suggest the potential usage of MIMO-SAR interferometry for structural health monitoring (SHM) supplementing classical geodetic and mechanical measurement systems. The effects impacting the performance of MIMO-SAR systems are, however, not yet sufficiently well understood for practical applications. In this paper, we present an experimental investigation of a MIMO-SAR system originally devised for automotive sensing, and assess its capabilities for deformation monitoring. The acquisitions generated for these investigations feature a 180∘ Field-of-View (FOV), distances of up to 60 m and a temporal sampling rate of up to 400 Hz. Experiments include static and dynamic setups carried out in a lab-environment and under more challenging meteorological conditions featuring sunshine, fog, and cloud-cover. The experiments highlight the capabilities and limitations of the radar, while allowing quantification of the measurement uncertainties, whose sources and impacts we discuss. We demonstrate that, under sufficiently stable meteorological conditions with humidity variations smaller than 1%, displacements as low as 25m can be detected reliably. Detecting displacements occurring over longer time frames is limited by the uncertainty induced by changes in the refractive index.

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Section: Mimo-sar In Structural Health Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

MIMO-SAR Interferometric Measurements for Structural Monitoring: Accuracy and Limitations

2021

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“…This system operates in the Ku band with a power of 40 W. Vibration radar systems have improved in recent years. In 2020, the Beijing Institute of Technology created a multi-channel radar that can be used for imaging and vibration information acquisition of large infrastructures [12][13][14]. Since 2018, small and lightweight millimeter-wave radars have been used for vibration monitoring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic-Filtering Method for Low-SNR Vibration Radar Signal

et al. 2023

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Radar is a non-contact, high-precision vibration measurement device and an important tool for bridge vibration monitoring. Vibration information needs to be extracted from the radar phase, but the radar phase information is sensitive to noise. Under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data acquisition conditions, such as low radar transmission power or a long observation distance, differential phase jump errors occur and clutter estimation becomes difficult, which leads to inaccurate inversion of vibration deformation. Traditional low-pass filtering methods can filter out noise to improve SNR, but they require oversampling. The sampling rate needs to be several times higher than the Doppler bandwidth, which is several times higher than the vibration frequency. This puts high data acquisition requirements on radar systems and causes large data volumes. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel vibration signal filtering method called the periodic filtering method. The method uses the periodicity feature of vibration signals for filtering without oversampling. This paper derives the time-domain and frequency-domain expressions for the periodic filter and presents a deformation inversion process based on them. The process involves extracting the vibration frequency in the Doppler domain, suppressing noise through periodic filtering, estimating clutter using circle fitting on the data complex plane, and inverting final deformation with differential phase. The method is verified through simulation experiments, calibration experiments, and bridge vibration experiments. The results show that the new periodic filtering method can improve the SNR by five times, resolve differential phase jumps, and accurately estimate clutter, thus getting submillimeter-level vibration deformation at low SNR.

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“…The FMCW radar technique is used in place of other techniques such as continuous-wave (CW), stepped-frequency continuous-wave (SFCW), or impulse because FMCW allows for excellent range discrimination due to bandwidth, chirp acquisition time, and an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). FMCW radars have been previously used to address problems related to vibration and small range variation estimation, including the non-contact range tracking of vital signs [ 4 ], wide area surveillance for perimeter protection [ 5 ], and observing the vibration in infrastructure such as bridges or buildings [ 6 ]. Another option to measure vibration is a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), which is also used in this work to verify spectra.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting the Presence of Intrusive Drilling in Secure Transport Containers Using Non-Contact Millimeter-Wave Radar

Wagner

Alkasimi

Pham

2022

Sensors

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We employ a 77–81 GHz frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) millimeter-wave radar to sense anomalous vibrations during vehicle transport at highway speeds for the first time. Secure metallic containers can be breached during transport by means of drilling into their sidewalls but detecting a drilling signature is difficult because the large vibrations of transport drown out the small vibrations of drilling. For the first time, we demonstrate that it is possible to use a non-contact millimeter-wave radar sensor to detect this micron-scale intrusive drilling while highway-speed vehicle movement shakes the container. With the millimeter-wave radar monitoring the microdoppler signature of the container’s vibrating walls, we create a novel signal-processing pipeline consisting of range–angle tracking, time–frequency analysis, horizontal stripe image convolution, and principal component analysis to create a robust and powerful detection statistic to alarm if drilling is present. To support this pipeline, we develop a statistical model combining the vibrating container and the random vibrations induced by vehicle movement to explore the robustness of the sensor’s detection capabilities. The presented results strongly support the inclusion of a millimeter-wave radar vibration sensor into a transport security system.

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Vibration Measurement Method for Artificial Structure Based on MIMO Imaging Radar

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

MIMO-SAR Interferometric Measurements for Structural Monitoring: Accuracy and Limitations

MIMO-SAR Interferometric Measurements for Structural Monitoring: Accuracy and Limitations

Periodic-Filtering Method for Low-SNR Vibration Radar Signal

Detecting the Presence of Intrusive Drilling in Secure Transport Containers Using Non-Contact Millimeter-Wave Radar

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