Vibration-assisted optical injection of a single fluorescent sensor into a target cell

Abstract

Please cite this article as: H. Liu, H. Maruyama, Vibration-assisted optical injection of a single fluorescent sensor into a target cell, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical (2015), http://dx.A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t Highlights:  Selective adhesion and rapid injection of a fluorescent sensor into a target cell is proposed.  Multi-fluorescent sensors are encapsulated in liposome layers containing photochromic material for zeta potential control. Local vibration stimulus drove by optical tweezers is applied on the single sensor for rapid injection. With vibration stimulus, the sensor is successfully injected into cytoplasm in 30 min with a high injection rate of 80%. AbstractIn this paper, we propose the selective adhesion and rapid injection of a fluorescent sensor into a target cell via the optical control of zeta potential and local vibration stimulus using optical tweezers. A multi-fluorescent sensor, which can respond to both temperature and pH, was encapsulated in anionic lipid layers containing a photochromic material (spiropyran) via the layer-by-layer method. The zeta potential of the lipid layers containing spiropyran was adjusted from negative to positive by photo-isomerization of spiropyran using UV illumination. A single sensor was manipulated by optical tweezers and transferred to a cell surface, thereafter adhering selectively to the cell surface under UV illumination without excess sensor adhesion. We then drove the focal point of the optical tweezers to move up and down circularly near the sensor, mimicking a vibration on the sensor or rapid injection. The surface zeta potential of the liposome layers was measured using a zeta potential analyzer. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) method was used to observe the changes in contact area between the adhered sensor and cell membrane before and after vibration. Holographic optical tweezers (HOT) and laser confocal microscopy were used to manipulate the single sensor and to capture Page 3 of 33 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t fluorescent images. The results showed that the vibration applied on the sensor could push down the sensor, inducing a downward displacement. This displacement caused a corresponding deformation of the cell membrane, which increased the contact area between the sensor and the cell membrane. Without vibration, the sensor was injected into the cytoplasm in 5 h at an injection rate of 40%. By applying the vibration stimulus, we succeeded in the rapid injection of the sensor in 30 min at an injection rate of 80%.

Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing: Better Size and Charge Measurements for Submicrometer Colloids

“…However, large uncertainties can emerge if the linearities E ∝ V 0 and Q / A ∝ Δ P are not verified, or if lines are extrapolated from a small number of data points to find an intercept. In other studies, the methodology used to measure charge has been unclear, , or else a simplified version of a full charge measurement method has been used. , …”

“…At the time of writing, more than 100 further studies have appeared which are concerned with TRPS . In particular, TRPS is now regularly used as a size and concentration measurement tool for EVs, exosomes, microparticles, and similar particles. ,− Other recent studies notable for their use of TRPS have studied aptamer binding processes, , viruses, , protein adsorption on to silica beads, microgels, , particles engineered for medical imaging, , and noble metal–titania core–shell nanostructures …”

“…Sources of uncertainty associated with this method, and its limitations under certain conditions, are covered here. Use of TRPS for particle charge measurement has been established, , but only a handful of studies have recently been using this technique, ,,,,, including Vogel et al.’s wide-ranging study of biological nanoparticles . Here, the steps linking a particle’s surface chemistry to a measured ζ-potential value are recounted, with consideration of uncertainties.…”

Protonation-Induced Enhanced Optical-Light Photochromic Properties of an Inorganic-Organic Phosphomolybdic Acid/Polyaniline Hybrid Thin Film

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Manipulation and Immobilization of a Single Fluorescence Nanosensor for Selective Injection into Cells

“…Several injection methods, such as micro-nano injection [11], endocytosis [12], lipofection [13], electroporation [14], and local heating [15,16] have been developed to inject a particular nanobead into a target cell. In our previous study, we achieved the injection of fluorescence polystyrene nanobeads containing iron oxide nanoparticles by local laser heating [17,18].…”