Vibration analysis of healthy skin: toward a noninvasive skin diagnosis methodology

Abstract

Vibration analysis of healthy skin: toward a noninvasive skin diagnosis methodology,"Abstract. Several noninvasive imaging techniques have been developed to monitor the health of skin and enhance the diagnosis of skin diseases. Among them, skin elastography is a popular technique used to measure the elasticity of the skin. A change in the elasticity of the skin can influence its natural frequencies and mode shapes. We propose a technique to use the resonant frequencies and mode shapes of the skin to monitor its health. Our study demonstrates how the resonant frequencies and mode shapes of skin can be obtained using numerical and experimental analysis. In our study, natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained via two methods: (1) finite element analysis: an eigensolution is performed on a finite element model of normal skin, including stratum corneum, epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers and (2) digital image correlation (DIC): several in-vivo measurements have been performed using DIC. The experimental results show a correlation between the DIC and FE results suggesting a noninvasive method to obtain vibration properties of the skin. This method can be further examined to be eventually used as a method to differentiate healthy skin from diseased skin. Prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment are critical in helping to reduce the incidence, morbidity, and mortality associated with skin cancer; thus, making the current study significant and important in the field of skin biomechanics. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

A hierarchical asymptotic homogenization approach for viscoelastic composites

“…In fact, Figure 2 Moreover, we consider the dermis as a two-phase composite made of collagen (elastic constituent) and ground substance (viscoelastic constituent) organized in a hierarchical form. The mechanical properties of the ground substance can be taken approximately from McBride et al [38]; Panchal et al [25]; Xu and Lu [37] and the collagen's mechanical properties are obtained from Ben ıtez and Mont ans [27]; Xu and Lu [37]. They are listed in Table 1.…”

“…[21,24]). An inherent characteristic of the mechanical properties of the skin lies in the fact that its properties vary according to the skin type, age, gender, location, and other environmental factors Panchal et al [25]. In particular, skin has three main layers: the epidermis, the dermis and the hypodermis, in addition to the stratum corneum that acts as the outermost barrier of human skin Muha et al [26].…”

Photoacoustic/Ultrasound/Optical Coherence Tomography Evaluation of Melanoma Lesion and Healthy Skin in a Swine Model

“…Other methods include multispectral imaging (MSI) [24,25,26], hyperspectral imaging (HSI) [27,28,29], Raman spectroscopy (RS) [30,31,32], and electrical impedance imaging (EI) [33,34,35]. There are other methods to study skin that have not been fully explored, such as the one in [36].…”

An Optical-Based Technique to Obtain Vibration Characteristics of Rotating Tires

“…The DIC system is calibrated before acquiring images for the threedimensional (3D) reconstruction. Detailed explanation of the theory behind this stereophotogrammetry technique can be found in [9,10,11,12,13]. This approach has been recently used for vibration measurements [14] and structural health monitoring [15].…”

“…This approach has been recently used for vibration measurements [14] and structural health monitoring [15]. The methodology has been applied to obtain dynamic characteristics of bridges [16,17,18], wind turbines [19,20,21,22], helicopter rotors [23], human skin [13], and civil infrastructure [24]. The high-speed cameras of the DIC system capture images of the structure when it is vibrating, and the time domain information is processed to obtain the modal characteristics.…”