Vibrating tip spray ionization mass spectrometry for direct sample analysis

Yao, Ya-Nan; Wu, Lin; Di, Dandan; Yuan, Zi-Cheng; Hu, Bin

doi:10.1002/jms.4429

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…More specifically, Goodlett and co-workers have suggested that SAWN may be an improved technique to study native protein complexes under lower internal energy conditions. Additionally, similar techniques that utilized vibrations to achieve atomization and ionization have shown that the noncovalently bound heme can be retained by holomyoglobin under native MS conditions …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, similar techniques that utilized vibrations to achieve atomization and ionization have shown that the noncovalently bound heme can be retained by holomyoglobin under native MS conditions. 26 UASI, AMUSE, and SAWN all directly atomize sample using a piezoelectric resonator process. The mechanical energy is used to make microdroplets that result in ion formation.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanospray Ionization MS of Proteins Including in the Folded State and Polymers

Dugan

Bier

2022

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Mechanospray ionization (MoSI) is a technique that produces ions directly from solution-like electrospray ionization (ESI) but without the need of a high voltage. In MoSI, mechanical vibrations aerosolize solution phase analytes, whereby the resulting microdroplets can be directed into the inlet orifice of a mass spectrometer. In this work, MoSI is applied to biomolecules up to 80 kDa in mass in both denatured and native conditions as well as polymers up to 12 kDa in mass. The various MoSI devices used in these analyses were all comprised of a piezoelectric annulus attached to a central metallic disk containing an array of 4 to 7 μm diameter holes. The devices vibrated in the 100–170 kHz range to generate a beam of microdroplets that ultimately resulted in ion formation. A linear quadrupole ion trap (LIT) and orbitrap mass spectrometer were used in the analysis to investigate higher mass proteins at both native (folded) and denatured (unfolded) conditions. MoSI native mass spectra of proteins acquired on the orbitrap and LIT instrument demonstrated that proteins could remain intact and in a folded state. In the case of native MS of holomyoglobin, the intact folded protein remained mostly bound noncovalently to the heme group, and typically, the spectra showed reduced loss of the heme group by MoSI as compared to ESI. In both non-native and native protein analyses examples, broader often multimodal distributions to lower charge states were observed. When using the LIT instrument, a significant increase in the relative abundance of dimers was observed by MoSI as compared to ESI. The softness of the MoSI technique was evidenced by the lack of fragmentation, the formation of dimers as also noted by others (J. Mass Spectrom.2016424429) and under native conditions, the retention of proteins in one or more presumed folded structures and for holomyoglobin the high retention of the heme group. When analyzing polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG), MoSI also generated a broader distribution to lower charge states than ESI. By using the improved separation of peaks at lower charge states and all the charge states available, MoSI data should provide an improved ionization method to obtain more accurate mass and dispersity values for some polymers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanospray Ionization MS of Proteins Including in the Folded State and Polymers

Dugan

Bier

2022

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Existing acoustics-based methods generate droplets from liquid on a vibrating substrate for ionization. [46][47][48] For VSSI, we have demonstrated two working modes: on-substrate ionization and touch ionization. The touch ionization mode is directly compatible with the solvent extraction based workflow, and it can thus be a convenient method for direct surface MS analysis because of its simplicity and flexibility.…”

Section: Trimpin Et Al Reported Matrix-assisted Ionization a Techniqmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we reported a new mechanical vibration–based ionization method termed vibrating sharp‐edge spray ionization (VSSI) 44,45 in which liquid samples are nebulized at the sharp edges of a vibrating glass slide. Existing acoustics‐based methods generate droplets from liquid on a vibrating substrate for ionization 46–48 . For VSSI, we have demonstrated two working modes: on‐substrate ionization and touch ionization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct analysis of surface chemicals using vibrating sharp‐edge spray ionization mass spectrometry

Ranganathan

Lozier

Rawson

et al. 2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale Direct analysis of chemicals on a surface using mass spectrometry (MS) is of great importance in forensics, food and drug safety, environmental monitoring, and defense. Solvent extraction–based surface analysis offers a convenient way of controlling the desorption conditions and applying internal standards. To date, it mainly relies on a separate electrospray process to nebulize and ionize the solvents. Here, we report a simple and stand‐alone ionization system for the solvent extraction–based surface analysis without the need for high voltage, based on vibrating sharp‐edge spray ionization (VSSI). Methods We modified the original VSSI device and developed a stand‐alone, integrated surface sampling, and ionization system for MS analysis. By incorporating a micropipette‐based solvent dispenser with the VSSI device, the new system performs solvent extraction and ionization, and still maintains a small footprint. Results We demonstrated a four order‐of‐magnitude linear response for glucose spotted on a glass surface with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 pg/mm2. We further characterized the performance of this method with a series of compounds and demonstrated a similar LOD to literature values obtained by desorption electrospray ionization. Finally, we applied this method to quantitatively measure the concentration of a pesticide ametryn on spinach surfaces. We demonstrated good linearity (R2 = 0.99) for ametryn with surface densities in the range of 8–800 pg/mm2 and an LOD of 9 pg/mm2. Conclusions We have demonstrated a simple, effective, direct ambient‐ionization method that is highly sensitive to molecules on a wide range of surfaces. The flexibility, small footprint, low cost, and voltage‐free nature of this method make it an attractive technique for direct surface sample analysis using MS.

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“…Although the modification implies several advantages, bare biosorbents simplify and speed up the workflow and reduce the environmental impact related to their preparation. For this purpose, different unmodified biosorbents have been used in microextraction [12][13][14][15]. However, they require a previous cleaning to remove impurities or intrinsic components that may interfere in the instrumental determination of the target compounds [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-cleaned bare wooden toothpicks for the determination of drugs in oral fluid by mass spectrometry

2022

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This article deepens the potential of pre-cleaned bare wooden toothpicks (pb-WTs) for extracting drugs (antidepressants and acetaminophen) from oral fluid samples. The leaching of the intrinsic compounds from the wood matrix is identified as the main challenge for the final determination of the targets, even when a very selective instrumental technique, such as mass spectrometry, is employed. The pre-cleaning of the WTs is proposed for improving the analytical performance. The number of cleaning cycles depends on the injection mode (direct infusion or chromatography) into the mass spectrometer. The different variables affecting the extraction of selected antidepressant drugs were studied in detail, and the optimum procedure was validated using the two mentioned injection modes. The limits of detection were in the ranges 0.1–0.5 ng/mL and 0.1–0.3 ng/mL for direct infusion and liquid chromatography, respectively. The intra-day precision (expressed as relative standard deviation) was better than 12.1% and 8.6%, for direct infusion and liquid chromatography, respectively. Single-blind samples were used to study the applicability of the method. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, the potential of pb-WTs for in vivo sampling was outlined. Graphical abstract

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Vibrating tip spray ionization mass spectrometry for direct sample analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Mechanospray Ionization MS of Proteins Including in the Folded State and Polymers

Mechanospray Ionization MS of Proteins Including in the Folded State and Polymers

Direct analysis of surface chemicals using vibrating sharp‐edge spray ionization mass spectrometry

Pre-cleaned bare wooden toothpicks for the determination of drugs in oral fluid by mass spectrometry

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