Viable Scandium Extraction from Bauxite Residue at Pilot Scale

Panteli, Christoforos; Balomenos, Efthymios; Nazari, G.; Abrenica, Gomer; Patkar, Shailesh; Xu, Wenqing; Karnachoritis, Yiannis

doi:10.3390/materproc2021005129

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, this recovery method is not cost-effective due to its lack of selectivity, requiring additional purification operations, and resulting in significant costs. To address this issue, the authors of [ [21], [22]] have developed methods allowing for more selective leaching of scandium from red mud. The leaching of lanthanides, scandium, and yttrium from red mud was investigated using sulphuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acid solutions.…”

Section: Extraction From Uranium Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Technologies Used to Extract Scandium from Secondary Raw Materials

Baigenzhenov,

Orynbayev,

Turan

2024

KIMS/CUMR/MShKP

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The exceptional mechanical and chemical properties exhibited by scandium, characterized by its low density, high strength, and remarkable resistance to corrosion, have positioned it as a sought-after metal in diverse industrial applications. Consequently, a surge in market demand for scandium has been observed, highlighting its unique attributes compared to other metals. The Republic of Kazakhstan has identified potential sources of scandium in the waste generated by the titanium, uranium, and aluminum industries. By implementing efficient processing techniques for these production wastes, the country can effectively address the deficit of scandium while also mitigating man-made emissions, thus significantly improving the environmental landscape. This article aims to explore and evaluate contemporary methodologies that have been employed for the recovery of scandium from the aforementioned secondary sources. By examining and analyzing these techniques, we can gain insights into the most effective and sustainable approaches to harnessing scandium from waste materials in Kazakhstan. This research not only contributes to meeting market demands but also ensures the responsible utilization of scandium, benefiting not just the country's economy but also its environmental sustainability.

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Section: Extraction From Uranium Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Technologies Used to Extract Scandium from Secondary Raw Materials

Baigenzhenov,

Orynbayev,

Turan

2024

KIMS/CUMR/MShKP

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“…The SO 4 2− content of the PLS was 78 ± 0.8 g/L. After the leaching process, the PLS undergoes an ion exchange process to recover scandium [10]. This process involves passing PLS through an ion exchange column that contains a selective resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Efficient Use of Sulfuric Acid in Bauxite Residue Leaching

Toli,

Kotsanis,

Psoma

et al. 2023

RawMat 2023

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“…Greek BR is especially chemically stable and contains various metals, including a significant amount of Sc (up to 120 mg/kg), making it a promising resource for Sc extraction [27,28]. Davris et al, 2022, developed research under the H2020-SCALE project, which aimed at an industrial operation for scandium extraction from Greek BR through a hydrometallurgical process [29]. Within this project, sulfuric acid was chosen as the best leaching agent based on its scandium extraction selectivity, low cost, and ease of handling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within this project, sulfuric acid was chosen as the best leaching agent based on its scandium extraction selectivity, low cost, and ease of handling. However, the recovery of scandium from such solutions is challenging due to the considerably low concentration of scandium (~12 mg/L) compared to the numerous impurities, present in higher concentrations, such as iron (~300 mg/L) and titanium (~30 mg/L) [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Efficiency of Ion Exchange Resins for the Recovery of Scandium from Sulfuric Acid Leaching Solutions

et al. 2023

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Scandium, a valuable element with restricted production sources mainly situated in China and Russia, is typically obtained as a by-product during the production of various materials. As the demand for scandium grows in the expanding aluminum and fuel cell industries, and with significant investments in rare earth mining in the USA and Australia, there is a need to explore alternative recovery sources. This research investigates the recovery of scandium from an acid pregnant leaching solution using ion exchange resins. The pregnant leaching solution was obtained after the leaching of bauxite residue with sulfuric acid. Commercial resins with different functional groups were tested for their performance in scandium extraction. In addition, the co-adsorption of impurities, such as iron and titanium, was studied. The feed solution consisted of 12.7 mg/L Sc and main impurities of 272 mg/L Fe and 33.6 mg/L Ti and was pretreated before the ion exchange process by acidification with sulfuric acid and iron powder addition to suppress silica gel formation and minimize the Fe(III) content in the solution accordingly. Among the tested resins, a D2EHPA-impregnated resin had high selectivity for Sc towards Ti, while a monophosphonic resin was also a promising option since it had a higher capacity for Sc but co-extracted Ti. These findings offer promising opportunities for the recovery of scandium from acid leaching solutions and could contribute to addressing the growing demand for this valuable element.

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Viable Scandium Extraction from Bauxite Residue at Pilot Scale

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Overview of Technologies Used to Extract Scandium from Secondary Raw Materials

Overview of Technologies Used to Extract Scandium from Secondary Raw Materials

The Efficient Use of Sulfuric Acid in Bauxite Residue Leaching

Assessing the Efficiency of Ion Exchange Resins for the Recovery of Scandium from Sulfuric Acid Leaching Solutions

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