Viability Reduction of Acetobacter aceti Due to the Absence of Oxygen in Submerged Cultures

Mesa, María del Mar; Caro, Ildefonso; Cantero, Domingo

doi:10.1021/bp960032j

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Reliance on a complete CAC for acetate removal might explain the vigorous oxygenation requirements of A. aceti cultures, which become critical at high acetic acid levels and low pHs (34,37). Together with ADH-mediated ethanol oxidation, the CAC supplies energy for many cellular processes, including the maintenance of a proton gradient.…”

Section: Vol 190 2008 New Citric Acid Cycle Bypass 4937mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Specialized Citric Acid Cycle Requiring Succinyl-Coenzyme A (CoA):Acetate CoA-Transferase (AarC) Confers Acetic Acid Resistance on the Acidophile Acetobacter aceti

2008

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Microbes tailor macromolecules and metabolism to overcome specific environmental challenges. Acetic acid bacteria perform the aerobic oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid and are generally resistant to high levels of these two membrane-permeable poisons. The citric acid cycle (CAC) is linked to acetic acid resistance in Acetobacter aceti by several observations, among them the oxidation of acetate to CO 2 by highly resistant acetic acid bacteria and the previously unexplained role of A. aceti citrate synthase (AarA) in acetic acid resistance at a low pH. Here we assign specific biochemical roles to the other components of the A. aceti strain 1023 aarABC region. AarC is succinyl-coenzyme A (CoA):acetate CoA-transferase, which replaces succinyl-CoA synthetase in a variant CAC. This new bypass appears to reduce metabolic demand for free CoA, reliance upon nucleotide pools, and the likely effect of variable cytoplasmic pH upon CAC flux. The putative aarB gene is reassigned to SixA, a known activator of CAC flux. Carbon overflow pathways are triggered in many bacteria during metabolic limitation, which typically leads to the production and diffusive loss of acetate. Since acetate overflow is not feasible for A. aceti, a CO 2 loss strategy that allows acetic acid removal without substrate-level (de)phosphorylation may instead be employed. All three aar genes, therefore, support flux through a complete but unorthodox CAC that is needed to lower cytoplasmic acetate levels.

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Section: Vol 190 2008 New Citric Acid Cycle Bypass 4937mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Specialized Citric Acid Cycle Requiring Succinyl-Coenzyme A (CoA):Acetate CoA-Transferase (AarC) Confers Acetic Acid Resistance on the Acidophile Acetobacter aceti

2008

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“…Mechanistic and pseudo-empiric kinetic models have been widely applied to acetic fermentation (Bar et al, 1987;Caro et al, 1996;Gómez and Cantero, 1998;Ito et al, 1991;Mesa et al, 1986;Nanba et al, 1984;Ory et al, 1998;Park et al,1991;Romero et al, 1994), based on the general scheme of reactions proposed by Sinclair and Kristiansen (1987). Most of the mathematical expressions for the specific growth rate have accounted for intracellular metabolism and divided the cells in terms of viability (Sinclair and Topiwala, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the industrial production of vinegar in aerated-stirred fermentors in terms of process variables

González-Sáiz

Garrido-Vidal

Pizarro

2009

Journal of Food Engineering

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“…Survival under these hostile conditions is apparently sufficient, so that such cultures can serve as inocula for subsequent batch cultures. Oxygen deficiency of Acetobacter leads within seconds to a drop in energy charge (13) and, likely as a consequence, a rapid loss of viability (6,19). This illustrates the importance of cellular energetics for acetate resistance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Proteins Induced during Adaptation of Acetobacter aceti to High Acetate Concentrations

Steiner

Sauer

2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

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As a typical product of microbial metabolism, the weak acid acetate is well known for its cytotoxic effects. In contrast to most other microbes, the so-called acetic acid bacteria can acquire significant resistance to high acetate concentrations when properly adapted to such hostile conditions. To characterize the molecular events that are associated with this adaptation, we analyzed global protein expression levels during adaptation of Acetobacter aceti by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Adaptation was achieved by using serial batch and continuous cultivations with increasing acetate supplementation. Computer-aided analysis revealed a complex proteome response with at least 50 proteins that are specifically induced by adaptation to acetate but not by other stress conditions, such as heat or oxidative or osmotic stress. Of these proteins, 19 were significantly induced in serial batch and continuous cultures and were thus noted as acetate adaptation proteins (Aaps). Here we present first microsequence information on such Aaps from A. aceti. Membrane-associated processes appear to be of major importance for adaptation, because some of the Aap bear N-terminal sequence homology to membrane proteins and 11 of about 40 resolved proteins from membrane protein-enriched fractions are significantly induced.

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Viability Reduction of Acetobacter aceti Due to the Absence of Oxygen in Submerged Cultures

Cited by 18 publications

References 2 publications

A Specialized Citric Acid Cycle Requiring Succinyl-Coenzyme A (CoA):Acetate CoA-Transferase (AarC) Confers Acetic Acid Resistance on the Acidophile Acetobacter aceti

A Specialized Citric Acid Cycle Requiring Succinyl-Coenzyme A (CoA):Acetate CoA-Transferase (AarC) Confers Acetic Acid Resistance on the Acidophile Acetobacter aceti

Modelling the industrial production of vinegar in aerated-stirred fermentors in terms of process variables

Proteins Induced during Adaptation of Acetobacter aceti to High Acetate Concentrations

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