Viability of soilborne spores of glomalean mycorrhizal fungi

An, Zhiqiang; Bin, Guo; Hendrix, James W.

doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(97)00194-6

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The proportion of viable spores was greater than the proportion of spores that could germinate in all the rhizospheres examined: for example, in the T. repens rhizosphere there were 2.59 times as many viable spores as spores that could germinate. Spores from the AM fungal monospecific culture (T. repens) had a greater viability (80.60 ± 3.96 %) and germination rate (54.20 ± 4.03 %) because most of the spores were newly formed, which is consistent with the findings of an earlier study (An et al 1998). Although the spore densities and soil properties of the P. simonii and C. korshinskii rhizospheres were similar (Table 1; Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Understanding the roles of AM fungi in the biology of their hosts must include understanding the roles of spores in the biology of the fungi (An et al 1998). Usually, a survey of AM fungal spores involves spore enumeration and spore identification, which are influenced by the composition of the spore communities (the age and viability of spores).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, spore density mainly reflects the accumulated sporulation history of the respective soil (Hijri et al 2006). Without knowing the number of viable spores and whether those spores could germinate, it is impossible to further investigate the presence and richness of a specific AM fungal species in the rhizosphere and to evaluate their potential as propagules (An et al 1998;Liu and Luo 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing and handling different kinds of AM fungal spores in the rhizosphere

Sun

Tang

et al. 2016

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Spores are important propagules as well as the most reliable species-distinguishing traits of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. During surveys of AM fungal communities, spore enumeration and spore identification are frequently conducted, but generally little attention is given to the age and viability of the spores. In this study, AM fungal spores in the rhizosphere were characterized as live or dead by vital staining and by performing a germination assay. A considerable proportion of the spores in the rhizosphere were dead despite their intact appearance. Furthermore, morphological and molecular analyses of spores to determine species identity revealed that both viable spores and dead spores with contents were identified. The accurate identification of spores at different developmental stages on the basis of morphology requires considerable experience. Our findings suggest that surveys of AM fungal communities based on spore enumeration and morphological and molecular identification are likely to be inaccurate, primarily because of the large proportion of dead spores in the rhizosphere. A viability check is recommended prior to spore molecular identification, and the use of trap cultures would give more reliable morphological identification results. We show that the abundance and activity of AM fungi in the rhizosphere can be determined by calculating the density of viable spores and the density of spores that could germinate. The adoption of these methods should provide a more reliable basis for further AM fungal community analysis.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing and handling different kinds of AM fungal spores in the rhizosphere

Sun

Tang

et al. 2016

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Even assuming that all of the infective propagules were spores, a comparison of MPNs to spore counts indicated that only 8 to 22% of the spores were viable. This percentage is considerably lower than the 35 to 60% spore germination reported by An et al (1998) in field soil. The differences between studies may be because of sampling or spore‐counting techniques.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…Accordingly, the seasonal change in spore population with time under fallow was minimal after the first year. An et al (1998) speculated that spores failing to germinate the first spring may persist in soil in a dormant state for several years and still retain their potential for future germination. In a recent laboratory study, Wagner et al (2001) observed an exponential decline in spore counts of Glomus claroideum with time during soil storage and determined temperature had more effect than moisture on long‐term spore survival.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endomycorrhizal Fungal Survival in Continuous Corn, Soybean, and Fallow

Troeh

Loynachan

2003

Agronomy Journal

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of propagules, and grow rapidly (Menge, 1985). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species that adapt to a wide Survival of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in soil may be afrange of hosts and edaphic contingencies presumably fected by the presence or absence of crops and by the crop being grown. Field studies were conducted in central Iowa during three have a better chance of long-term survival. One means growing seasons with cropping to continuous corn (Zea mays L.) by which AM fungi survive is the production of spores (two cultivars), continuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (two although the length of survival of spores in field soils cultivars), or fallow in three soils to determine AM selection and under varying conditions is not well documented. Presurvival. The initial numbers of spores (all following soybean) in May sumably, when conditions are favorable, these spores 1996 averaged 0.9 g Ϫ1 soil in Clarion (well drained), 1.1 in Nicollet germinate, grow, and produce other fungal structures. (somewhat poorly drained), and 3.6 in Webster (poorly drained) soils. Many cornfields, especially in low-lying areas, exhib-In May 1998, the highest spore count average was 11.2 g Ϫ1 soil in Webster under corn and 3.0 spores g Ϫ1 under soybean. Nicollet soil ited stunting and purple coloration characteristic of seaveraged 6.8 spores g Ϫ1 for corn and 0.9 for soybean in May 1998, vere P deficiency in the fall following the central U.S. whereas Clarion soil had 6.3 for corn and 2.0 for soybean. The fallow floods of summer 1993 (Fixen et al., 1994). Plants treatments consistently had low spore counts, ranging from 0.7 to 1.0 seemed not to be absorbing sufficient P for fast early spores g Ϫ1 for all three soils. After 3 yr under the same cropping growth even though soil tests indicated adequate P. regime, spore numbers in soil were corn Ͼ soybean Ͼ fallow; no Farmers were advised to use 35 to 40 kg P ha Ϫ1 as starter significant differences were found between cultivars of the same crop. fertilizer in areas that had been flooded the previous Most probable number counts were correlated with spore counts and averaged 11% of spore counts, suggesting that only a portion of the year. Ellis (1998) conducted a survey to determine the spores were viable (or culturable in our determination). By the end status of AM fungal populations in areas that were of the study, Glomus albidum and G. etunicatum dominated under flooded in 1993 and reported a decline in AM fungal corn, whereas G. constrictum dominated under soybean.

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Specificity in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

Sanders¹

2002

Ecological Studies

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Viability of soilborne spores of glomalean mycorrhizal fungi

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Characterizing and handling different kinds of AM fungal spores in the rhizosphere

Characterizing and handling different kinds of AM fungal spores in the rhizosphere

Endomycorrhizal Fungal Survival in Continuous Corn, Soybean, and Fallow

Specificity in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

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