Viability of Collagen Matrix Grafts Associated with Nanohydroxyapatite and Elastin in Bone Repair in the Experimental Condition of Ovariectomy

Abstract

Bone lesions have the capacity for regeneration under normal conditions of the bone metabolism process. However, due to the increasing incidence of major traumas and diseases that cause bone-mineral deficiency, such as osteoporosis, scaffolds are needed that can assist in the bone regeneration process. Currently, natural polymeric scaffolds and bioactive nanoparticles stand out. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the osteoregenerative potential in tibiae of healthy and ovariectomized rats using mineralized collagen and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) scaffolds associated with elastin. The in-vivo experimental study was performed with 60 20-week-old Wistar rats, distributed into non-ovariectomized (NO) and ovariectomized (O) groups, as follows: Controls (G1-NO-C and G4-O-C); Collagen with nHA scaffold (G2-NO-MSH and G5-O-MSH); and Collagen with nHA and elastin scaffold (G3-NO-MSHC and G6-O-MSHC). The animals were euthanized 6 weeks after surgery and the samples were analyzed by macroscopy, radiology, and histomorphometry. ANOVA and Tukey tests were performed with a 95% CI and a significance index of p < 0.05. In the histological analyses, it was possible to observe new bone formed with an organized and compact morphology that was rich in osteocytes and with maturity characteristics. This is compatible with osteoconductivity in both matrices (MSH and MSHC) in rats with normal conditions of bone metabolism and with gonadal deficiency. Furthermore, they demonstrated superior osteogenic potential when compared to control groups. There was no significant difference in the rate of new bone formation between the scaffolds. Ovariectomy did not exacerbate the immune response but negatively influenced the bone-defect repair process.

Evaluation of Different Decellularization Protocols for Obtaining and Characterizing Canine Cardiac Extracellular Matrix

“…Due to its high biocompatibility and low immunogenicity, collagen is still the protein of choice for preparing biomaterials. The use of collagen as a scaffold has led to the development of bioengineered tissues as substitutes for various tissues [ 52 , 53 , 54 ].…”

Use of Plant Extracts in Polymeric Scaffolds in the Regeneration of Mandibular Injuries

“…Based on this comparative information on mandibular continuity reconstruction methods, surgeons can choose a single technique or a combination of techniques, and associate them with alternative biomaterials that have demonstrated osteogenic capacity through experimental research in the field of tissue engineering [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. These include natural polymers such as collagen, which mimic the extracellular matrix of bone and can also be combined with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant substances found in some plants [ 25 ].…”

“…From the context presented, it is admirable that there are countless possibilities for creating innovative scaffolds for bone repair. The properties of natural polymers used as a guide for bone regeneration [ 23 , 24 ] can be improved with the addition of other substances derived from vegetables and fruits, because the phytochemical compounds of some plants act to modulate bone signaling pathways [ 17 ]. Thus, studies into new combinations and concentrations of the natural substances that make up a scaffold are important for use in the treatment of craniomaxillofacial injuries, especially the mandible, in order to quickly restore the important function that this bone plays in the masticatory process, the voice, and the aesthetics of facial harmonization.…”