Viabilidad de una escala de experiencias de inseguridad del agua en hogares mexicanos

Abstract

Objetivo. Identificar la viabilidad de la Escala de Experiencias de Inseguridad del Agua en el Hogar (Household Water Insecurity Experiences Scale, HWISE, por sus siglas en inglés) como herramienta para evaluar las experiencias de hogares mexicanos en relación con la inseguridad en el acceso al agua. Material y métodos. La escala fue integrada en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2021 (Ensanut Continua 2021) y se utilizaron tres criterios para evaluar su viabilidad: 1) Consistencia interna: Se aplicó la prueba Alfa de Cronbach para estimar la correlación entre los ítems de la escala. Se consideró un punto de corte de al menos 0.80 como criterio de confiabilidad; 2) Equivalencia de los ítems para distintos indicadores sociodemográficos; y 3) Variables asociadas con inseguridad del agua. Resultados. La escala HWISE mostró: 1) Buena confiabilidad o consistencia interna (Alfa de Cronbach de 0.928); 2) comportamiento equivalente de los ítems en los contextos urbano y rural, en nueve regiones del país y por terciles de condiciones de bienestar; y 3) asociación significativa con variables predictoras de inseguridad del agua. Conclusiones. La escala HWIS, adaptada para México, es apropiada para su uso en evaluar la condición de inseguridad del agua en hogares mexicanos.

Food and nutrition security definitions, constructs, frameworks, measurements, and applications: global lessons

“…Mexico has now also included HWISE and a water intermittency scale in nationally representative surveys. The application of HWISE in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT)-2021 demonstrated that HWISE has strong psychometric and predictive validity in the Mexican context ( 49 ), and its application through another nationally representative public opinion poll showed that 32% of Mexican households experienced water insecurity and that 68% of households experiencing severe FI were also experiencing WI (vs. 17% in FS households) ( 50 ). Furthermore, the application of a water intermittency scale in ENSANUT-2022 found that only 31.5% of Mexican households had water 7 days per week, and of these, only 17.4% did not experience water scarcity in the previous 12 months ( 51 ).…”

A declaration on the value of experiential measures of food and water insecurity to improve science and policies in Latin America and the Caribbean

“…2 ). Nationally representative surveys have been conducted in Mexico [ 16 , 17 ], as well as in Guatemala, Honduras, Peru, and Brazil [ 13 ]; they provide the first estimates of the prevalence of experiences with water insecurity in these countries (Fig. 2 ).…”

“…2 ). The inclusion of the HWISE Scale in Mexico’s 2021 and 2022 National Health and Nutrition Survey [ 16 , 18 ] promises to yield a particularly rich set of insights into the role of water insecurity and human health and well-being. Other large studies in LAC that have used the WISE Scales, include an 11-city assessment in Colombia, and a nationally representative survey of 12,745 households carried out by the Brazilian Research Network on Food Sovereignty and Security (Rede Penssan) [ 19 ].…”