VI.—<i>The Lycopodium Method of Quantitative Microscopy.</i>

Wallis, T. E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1920.tb00755.x

Cited by 10 publications

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References 6 publications

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“…These also were in the prescribed range (< = 14 %) for moisture content in crude drug 21 . The results of the quantitative microscopy gave accurate cellular micrometry of all the tissues and also determined the proportions of the substances present by means of the microscope, using the Lycopodium method 22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2017

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The pharmacognostic evaluation, anatomy and antimicrobial potentials of the leaf, stem and root of Moringa oleifera Lam were evaluated. Powdered extracts obtained from the various plant organs were used for the analytical standardization. The methanolic plant extracts were assayed for antimicrobial activities using the Agar well diffusion method. This was compared with standard antibiotics, Gentamicin and ketoconazole. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of the methanolic plant extracts against the sensitive microorganisms was determined via the turbidity method. The results of the analytical standardization of the powdered leaf, stem and root of Moringa oleifera were found to be within pharmacopoeial standards. The results of the anatomical studies showed normal tissue distribution with distinctive features and structures, which could be instrumental for delimiting other closely related species. The phytochemical analysis revealed varying concentrations of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, resins, proteins and carbohydrates. The plants extracts exhibited antibacterial activities against all test bacteria. The stem extract particularly was better effective against Salmonella typhi than Standard antibiotic Gentamicin, with an MIC of 10.89 mg/ml and 13.88 mg/ml respectively. INTRODUCTION: Plants play a significant role in maintaining human health and improving the quality of life and serve as valuable components of medicines, seasonings, beverages, cosmetics and dyes. Moringa oleifera is the most widely cultivated species of the family moringaceae and originates from the Himalayas in India 1 and also grows in tropical and subtropical regions 2. It was introduced to Africa from India at the turn of the twentieth century 3 .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2017

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“…As pointed out above, the microscopical method of comparison and assessment of quantity by eye in the '' White Pepper Case " appeared to be unreliable to the judge, because it gave widely different results for the amount of " husk " found in the same sample of pepper examined by different analysts. Since substances (Wallis andSantra, 1947, 1948) containing sclereids or solerenchymatous cells can be determined quite accurately by the '' lycopodium method " (Wallis, 1920) of counting the sclereids, it seemed possible that these problems could be satisfactorily solved by a study of the sclerenchymatous cells, both the stone-cells of the hypodermis and also the " beaker-cells " of the inner epidermis of the pepper fruit. The following is an account of the work undertaken with this end in view.…”

Section: Microscopical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ii.—pepper and Pepper Husk.*

Wallis

Santra

1949

Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society

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“…Furthermore, when any considerable number of determinations is contemplated, weighing is too time-consuming and tedious to be practicable. These difficulties were overcome by the use of the lyeopodium method of Wallis (1920). This method is now firmly established for the quantitative study of plant material but would appear to have been neglected in the entomological field.…”

Section: The Quantitative Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Studies on Tyroglyphid Mite Populations

Melville

1957

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The quantitative study of the physical ecology and essential requirements of Tyroglyphid mites appears to have received relatively little attention, although they are serious pests of stored flour and other cereal products. This may be due to the practical problems inevitably associated with routine population studies of small animals under controlled conditions, particularly when on a quantitative basis.The necessity to separate the populations from the food material on which they subsist is one such problem, and, as Solomon (1945) has pointed out, this is a prerequisite to the accurate determination of population densities of flour mites. The published methods of separation, suitable for the treatment of flour, suffer from certain disadvantages which render them unsuitable for the present purpose, as will be indicated later.In quantitative experiments in which the weight of the medium supporting the population is involved, especially those conducted at several humidity levels, variation of the moisture content is a complication. Further problems are connected with the sampling of cultures in which the population is unevenly distributed.The present work is concerned with the solution of these problems and the design of a quantitative technique. This technique has been applied successfully to the study of Tyroglyphid populations at the egg stage and the results of experiments using Thyreophagus entomophagus (Lab.) are reported. The Preparation of Infested Flour for Examination.The existing methods of treating infested flour have been adequately reviewed by Solomon (1945) and therefore will be referred to only briefly. Berlese funnel techniques depending on the controlled application of heat to the infested flour and collection of the mites which migrate from the untenable conditions imposed on them, have been described by Chernuishev (1938) and Petrova (1940). The latter worker claimed the recovery of from 85 to 92 per cent, of the living mites present within 25 minutes. These techniques tend to be time-consuming and since only the mobile stages of the population are separated, they provide no direct information on oviposition.Methods which depend on floating the mites (density about 1-0) from the flour (density about 1-4) using a liquid of intermediate density have also been described. Shchastny (1939) used a 1:1 brine/glycerol mixture for this purpose, after first treating the flour with ethanol; separation of the mites was hastened by centrifuging. Solomon (1945) employed dichlorethylene with which the flour was agitated in a long-necked flask; the mites were raised almost to the top of the neck by the addition of further fluid and removed on small pieces of filter paper.These methods are open to the objection that a proportion of the mites may remain entangled with the flour and no experimental work to test their efficiency has been reported. In the writer's experience, hatched eggs cannot be separated by these methods, which were therefore abandoned as inherently unsuitable for the present purpose.

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VI.—The Lycopodium Method of Quantitative Microscopy.

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

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Ii.—pepper and Pepper Husk.*

Quantitative Studies on Tyroglyphid Mite Populations

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