VHF Direction Finder for Lightning Location

Murty, R. C.; MacClement, W. D.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1973)012<1401:vdffll>2.0.co;2

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Each loop measures the magnetic field from a given vertical radiator and can be used to obtain the direction to the source. However, the MDF uses a single station with one loop antenna, which can only determine the azimuth angle of a lightning source [32]. Moreover, the MDF method requires at least two stations to determine lightning location sources.…”

Section: Magnetic Direction Findermentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightning Mapping: Techniques, Challenges, and Opportunities

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite the significant progress in the understanding of the phenomenon of lightning and the physics behind it, locating and mapping its occurrence remain a challenge. Such localization and mapping of very high frequency (VHF) lightning radiation sources provide a foundation for the subsequent research on predicting lightning, saving lives, and protecting valuable assets. A major technical challenge in attempting to map the sources of lightning is mapping accuracy. The three common electromagnetic radio frequencybased lightning locating techniques are magnetic direction finder, time of arrival, and interferometer (ITF). Understanding these approaches requires critically reviewing previous attempts. The performance and reliability of each method are evaluated on the basis of the mapping accuracy obtained from lightning data from different sources. In this work, we review various methods for lightning mapping. We study the approaches, describe their techniques, analyze their merits and demerits, classify them, and derive few opportunities for further research. We find that the ITF system is the most effective method and that its performance may be improved further. One approach is to improve how lightning signals are preprocessed and how noise is filtered. Signal processing can also be utilized to improve mapping accuracy by introducing methods such as wavelet transform in place of conventional cross-correlation approaches. INDEX TERMS interferometer, lightning mapping, magnetic direction finder, time of arrival.

show abstract

Section: Magnetic Direction Findermentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightning Mapping: Techniques, Challenges, and Opportunities

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The basic principle of the MDF is that it includes the use of two vertical, orthogonal loops with planes oriented at NS, and EW, each measuring the magnetic field from a given vertical radiator, can be used to obtain the direction to the source. However, some of the disadvantages of using MDF are the use of single station-(one loop antenna) which can only determine the azimuth angle of the lightning source [28]. It was realized that the MDF method requires at least two stations to determine lightning location sources.…”

Section: Magnetic Direction Findermentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightning Mapping: Techniques, Challenges, and Opportunities

Alammari¹,

Alkahtani²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite the significant progress made in studying the lightning phenomenon, precise location and mapping of its occurrence remain a challenge. Lightning mapping can be determined by studying the electromagnetic radiation accompanying the lightning discharges. It can contribute substantially to efforts made to protect lives and valuable assets. There are three main methods used to locate lightning, which are Magnetic Direction Finder (MDF), Time of Arrival (TOA), and Interferometer (ITF). A thorough study of these methods provides researchers with a guide to better understand and progress in this field. This paper reviews existing approaches used to locate and map lightning within these three methods. We study the implemented techniques, analyze their merits and demerits, and sort them in a way that facilitates extracting opportunities for further improvements. We conclude that for better development in determining the location and map of lightning, improving the processing of lightning signals and filtering the associated noise with it is essential. This includes introducing new processing methods such as wavelet transformation instead of the traditional cross-correlation. The use of artificial intelligence may also contribute a lot, particularly deep learning, to determining the type of lightning, which enables better mapping for the lightning and its occurrence. We also could conclude that unlike MDF and TOA, which can locate the lightning strike points, ITF can produce lightning discharge propagation images that can unveil the mechanism of lightning discharges. Finally, this paper serves as a reference for researchers focusing on lightning mapping to give them insight into the field.

show abstract

“…There are two main effective techniques applied to determine the position of VHF/UHF radiation sources in order to track the locus of the stepped leader. The first one is the time of arrival (TOA) technique (Oetzel and Pierce, 1969;Proctor, 1971;Cianos et al, 1972;Murty and MacClement, 1973;MacClement and Murty, 1978;Proctor et al, 1988;Rison et al, 1999) that determines the location of radiations by taking differences between the times at which the radiation pulses are detected at each receiver. The other one is the narrowband interferometer system (Warwik et al, 1979;Hayenga and Warwik, 1981;Richard and Auffray, 1985;Laroche et al, 1994;Rhodes et al, 1994;Shao et al, 1995;Kawasaki and Yoshihashi, 2000) which uses frequency domain by taking differences of phases instead of times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%