Vexed causal inferences in nutritional epidemiology—call for genetic help

Ohukainen, Pauli; Virtanen, Jyrki K.; Ala‐Korpela, Mika

doi:10.1093/ije/dyab152

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 83 publications

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“…Such observations give us confidence that novel associations obtained with zinc and vitamin B6 are also relevant in explaining the genesis of impulsive behavior. This assertion may seem counter-intuitive, because it would be more natural to assume that the impulsive disposition leads to certain nutritional outcomes; however, causal inference in nutritional epidemiology is difficult ( Ohukainen et al, 2022 ). For example, based on data from genome-wide association studies, it was shown that ADHD symptoms and loneliness are among phenotypes related to obesity ( García-Marín et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Impulsivity With Food, Nutrients, and Fitness in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study

Matrov

Kurrikoff

Villa

et al. 2022

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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Background Impulsivity is a psychiatric vulnerability factor strongly associated with substance abuse but also with unhealthy diet. Whether these associations extend to specific nutrients is largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the longitudinal association between diet, cardiorespiratory fitness, and two impulsivity dimensions in a representative sample of south Estonian adolescents and young adults. Impulsivity and dietary intake were measured three times in two birth cohorts at regular intervals in subjects of ages 15 to 33 years. Methods The sample included two birth cohorts of the longitudinal Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (ECPBHS). The analytic sample size consisted of 2883 observations (56.4% females). The primary outcomes were adaptive and maladaptive impulsivity scores measured by an original 24 item Likert-type questionnaire. Impulsivity scores were predicted from the food diaries data converted into nutrient categories. Linear mixed-effects approach was used to model the time-dependence between observations. Results Lower maladaptive impulsivity was associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (β = -0.07; 95% CI: -0.12; -0.03). Higher maladaptive impulsivity was associated with lower dietary intake of zinc (β = -0.10; -0.15; -0.06) and vegetables (β = -0.04; -0.07; -0.01) and higher intake of sodium (β = 0.06; 0.02; 0.10). Vitamin B6 was positively associated with adaptive impulsivity (β = 0.04; 0.01; 0.07). Additionally, some of the adjusted models showed significant, but weak associations with selenium, alcohol, fish, and cereal products. Conclusions Food choice may affect the neurochemistry and therefore regulate the manifestations of impulsivity. We identified associations between several (micro)nutrients and maladaptive impulsivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Impulsivity With Food, Nutrients, and Fitness in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study

Matrov

Kurrikoff

Villa

et al. 2022

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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The epidemiological quest for the role of vitamin D turned non-linear—and simply made sense

Ala‐Korpela

2022

International Journal of Epidemiology

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Mechanistic Development of Cancers Associated with Processed Meat Products: A Review

Bedale,

Milkowski,

Czuprynski

et al. 2023

Meat and Muscle Biology

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Epidemiological data link processed meat products to various cancers, especially colorectal cancer; however,such evidence cannot prove causation. Clear mechanistic evidence of how these foods promote carcinogenesis strengthens the case for causation. Because the complexity and heterogeneity of processed meats as a food category complicate both epidemiological and mechanistic assessments, the study of carcinogenic mechanisms associated with specific components of such foods is often undertaken. These include components that are intrinsic to meats, those that contaminate meat, and those ingredients that are added to or form in meats during processing. Consumption of processed meats also leads to endogenous production of agents, epigenetic changes, and alterations in the microbiota of the digestive tract; therefore,the potential contributions of these endogenous responses to carcinogenesis are also discussed. This review highlights data that illuminate potential mechanisms by which agents associated with processed meats (including processed poultry) could contribute to carcinogenesis. The potential for personal factors such as overall diet, cooking methods, genetic variation, and inflammation and infection status to influence these carcinogenic mechanisms is also summarized. Because the intended audience of this review includes those who may be less familiar with current general mechanisms of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, detailed background on these topics is provided.

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Vexed causal inferences in nutritional epidemiology—call for genetic help

Cited by 5 publications

References 83 publications

Association of Impulsivity With Food, Nutrients, and Fitness in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study

Association of Impulsivity With Food, Nutrients, and Fitness in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study

The epidemiological quest for the role of vitamin D turned non-linear—and simply made sense

Mechanistic Development of Cancers Associated with Processed Meat Products: A Review

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