Vestured pits: their occurrence and systematic importance in eudicots

Jansen, Steven; Baas, Pieter; Smets, Erik

doi:10.2307/1224516

Cited by 52 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…4A). They may even be restricted to the bordered pits of tracheids or narrow vessel elements, whereas the wide vessel elements show nonvestured pits (17,26,27). In contrast, vestures in tropical plant families are consistently present in pits of all vessel elements and frequently form a large complex network of branched vestures occluding the pit chambers (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite their conservative nature and strong phylogenetic significance (17), vestured pits appear more common in warm environments with continuous or periodical drought (deserts and tropical seasonal woodlands) than in mesic areas and cold climates. There is a strongly negative correlation between vestured pits and exclusively scalariform vessel perforation plates, which indicates that the major ecological trend of vestured pits is opposite that of exclusively scalariform perforation plates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most genera and many families studied extensively, the presence or absence of vestured pits and exclusively scalariform perforation plates is highly diagnostic and constant in all species belonging to these higher taxonomic categories. With respect to vestured pits, we followed the occurrence as summarized in a previous paper (17). The distribution of exclusively scalariform perforation plates was based on literature surveys (2,19,22).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although vestures had already been observed by wood anatomists in the 19th century, the feature was correctly interpreted for the first time by Bailey in 1933 (16). The systematic distribution of vestured pits in angiosperms leads us to the conclusion that this character represents a conservative feature that characterizes several monophyletic groups (e.g., Myrtales, Gentianales) and contains strong phylogenetic signals at relatively high taxonomic levels (17). Despite the long period of time that wood anatomists have known about vestured pits, it is still unclear how vestures may affect pit function.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Variation in xylem structure from tropics to tundra: Evidence from vestured pits

Jansen

Baas

Gasson

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Bordered pits play an important role in permitting water flow among adjacent tracheary elements in flowering plants. Variation in the bordered pit structure is suggested to be adaptive in optimally balancing the conflict between hydraulic efficiency (conductivity) and safety from air entry at the pit membrane (air seeding). The possible function of vestured pits, which are bordered pits with protuberances from the secondary cell wall of the pit chamber, could be increased hydraulic resistance or minimized vulnerability to air seeding. These functional hypotheses have to be harmonized with the notion that the vestured or nonvestured nature of pits contains strong phylogenetic signals (i.e., often characterize large species-rich clades with broad ecological ranges). A literature survey of 11,843 species covering 6,428 genera from diverse climates indicates that the incidence of vestured pits considerably decreases from tropics to tundra. The highest frequencies of vestured pits occur in deserts and tropical seasonal woodlands. Moreover, a distinctly developed network of branched vestures is mainly restricted to warm habitats in both mesic and dry (sub)tropical lowlands, whereas vestures in woody plants from cold and boreal arctic environments are usually minute and simple. A similar survey of the frequency of exclusively scalariform perforation plates illustrates that the major ecological trend of this feature is opposite that of vestured pits. These findings provide previously undescribed insights suggesting that vessels with vestured pits and simple perforation plates function as an efficient hydraulic system in plants growing in warm environments with periodical or continuous drought stress.B otanists have long speculated on the mutual relationship between the structure and function of different wood anatomical features and how ecological conditions correlate with xylem features (1-4). The evolution of xylem vessels has been considered a key adaptation marking the pinnacle of hydraulic efficiency in flowering plants, because plants with vessels generally have higher hydraulic conductivities than plants that rely solely on tracheids for water transport (5). The traditional view is that evolutionary trends of vessel elements have been regarded as reliable tools in the study of angiosperm phylogeny, because vessel characters were considered conservative traits containing a wealth of potentially significant systematic information (2, 6, 7). Although parallel development of vessel characters is generally accepted, recent phylogenetic analyses of angiosperms suggest there have also been some reversals in the Baileyan transformation series (8, 9). Therefore, parallel evolution and reversibility in vessel characters imply a strong adaptive significance of xylem hydraulic architecture.The structure of bordered intervessel pits, which are small openings where the secondary cell wall was not deposited over the primary wall (Figs. 1 and 2 A), permits water flow between adjacent vessels, but pits are also a weak link in pro...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in xylem structure from tropics to tundra: Evidence from vestured pits

Jansen

Baas

Gasson

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Merece comentário, também, as ornamentações no pontoado intervascular, caráter considerado conservativo para a família Myrtaceae e ordem Myrtales como um todo (JANSEN et al, 2001(JANSEN et al, , 2008. Contrariando a tendência geral, não foram observadas pontoações ornamentadas na madeira de Eugenia uniflora e Eugenia uruguayensis.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

DIVERSIDADE ESTRUTURAL EM <i>Eugenia</i> L. (MYRTACEAE)

Santos¹,

Marchiori²,

Siegloch³

2014

Ciênc. Florest.

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RESUMONo presente estudo é investigada a anatomia da madeira de 9 espécies sul-rio-grandenses de Eugenia (Myrtaceae), com vistas ao reconhecimento de caracteres úteis à identificação do gênero e espécies. Os resultados demonstram uma grande homogeneidade estrutural, fruto do elevado número de caracteres anatômicos compartilhados. Nenhuma característica ocorre exclusivamente no grupo taxonômico em questão. É confirmado o valor do arranjo do parênquima axial para a separação de espécies, bem como da frequência de poros e características de raios. Não é possível contestar, com base na anatomia da madeira, a inclusão de Hexachlamys em Eugenia, como sugerido por Landrum e Kawasaki (1997). Palavras-chave: Anatomia; taxonomia; madeira; Myrteae. ABSTRACTThe wood anatomy of nine species of Eugenia (Myrtaceae) native in Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil) is presently studied in order to identify diagnostic characters useful to identify genus and species. A great structural homogeneity was observed, reflecting the high number of shared anatomical features. None characteristic is exclusive to this taxonomic group. The value of axial parenchyma arrangement to species segregation is confirmed, as well as the frequency of pores and characteristics of rays. It is not possible to disprove, based on wood anatomy, the inclusion of Hexachlamys in Eugenia, as suggested by Landrum and Kawasaki (1997).

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Wood anatomy and its implications on the taxonomy of Apollonias Nees (Lauraceae)

Loutfy

2009

Feddes Repertorium

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SummaryIn the present work, wood anatomy of Apollonias barbujana (Lauraceae) was investigated by both Light Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy and compared with six taxa of the Lauraceae representing the tribes Laureae and Perseeae. The investigated species included four of the endemic Macaronesian taxa of the Lauraceae (Laurus azorica, L. novocanariensis, Ocotea foetens and Persea indica) in addition to Laurus nobilis and Persea americana. The recorded characters were analyzed by the NTSYS-PC program package, using the UPGMA clustering methods. The relationships between the studied taxa, expressed by average taxonomic distance (dissimilarity), were demonstrated as a phenogram. The study showed that Apollonias barbujana stood apart from the rest of the studied taxa of the Laureae and Perseeae by several unique features, predominantly uniseriate rays, multiseriate rays of 3 -5 rows, striated fibers and/or sclereids with thick walls and many bordered pits, excessive tylose deposits, vessels with wide scalariform perforations with 6 -12 bars and distinct bordered pits. More studies on this genus are needed. ZusammenfassungAnatomie

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Vestured pits: their occurrence and systematic importance in eudicots

Cited by 52 publications

References 74 publications

Variation in xylem structure from tropics to tundra: Evidence from vestured pits

Variation in xylem structure from tropics to tundra: Evidence from vestured pits

DIVERSIDADE ESTRUTURAL EM <i>Eugenia</i> L. (MYRTACEAE)

Wood anatomy and its implications on the taxonomy of Apollonias Nees (Lauraceae)

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