Vestigial phragmocone in the gladius points to a deepwater origin of squid (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)

Arkhipkin, Alexander I.; Бизиков, В. А.; Fuchs, Dirk

doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2011.11.010

Cited by 37 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In this study, positive correlations were found between the CL with FL and FW in all three population units. The conus, which is located in the middle of the tail fin, is the main morphological section of the gladius (Arkhipkin et al, 2012). With their anatomical analysis, Young and Vecchione (1996) found that fin cartilage connected the fin muscles and shell sac, which secretes the conus and cone flags.…”

Section: Geographic Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With their anatomical analysis, Young and Vecchione (1996) found that fin cartilage connected the fin muscles and shell sac, which secretes the conus and cone flags. Therefore, the conus could be considered a supporting structure that helps the fin resist the dynamic pressures generated during swimming (Bizikov and Arkhipkin, 1997;Arkhipkin et al, 2012). A longer conus might also provide appropriate support for the fin when the animal is experiencing high speed currents.…”

Section: Geographic Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morphologically, the gladius consists of a feather-shaped plate, the proostracum that tapers toward the posterior end of the gladius, becoming a funnel-shaped conus with a smallish rostrum (Arkhipkin et al, 2012). The gladius lies within the shell sac, which attaches to the fin cartilage in the vicinity of the conus and rostrum, whereas, the cartilage attaches to the fin muscles (Young and Vecchione, 1996;Arkhipkin et al, 2012). The gladius is a metabolically inert tissue that grows continuously throughout the lifetime of the species.…”

Section: Geographic Variations Of Jumbo Squid (Dosidicus Gigas) Basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morphometric measurements of the gladius and mantle recorded for jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) sampled off the Costa Rica Dome (CRD), off the Peruvian exclusive economic zone (PE), and in offshore waters of the central eastern Pacific (CEP) in 2009, 2013, and 2014 and examined in this study (measurements were taken on the basis of work by Arkhipkin et al, 2012). The measurements are mantle length (ML), conus length (CL), maximum width of conus (CW), proostracum length (PL), maximum width of prostracum (PW), length from anterior tip of conus to the widest point of proostracum (PWL), length from anterior tip of conus to proximal end of lateral plates (LPL), width between two anterior apices of lateral plates (LPW), fin length (FL), and fin width (FW).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proostracum contributes to a large proportion of GL (>80 %) and has a higher longitudinal growth rate than conus (Table 6). With the assumption that the conus provides a supporting structure for the fin during swimming, the higher growth rate of the proostracum can be considered a structure that meets the requirements for rapid growth of squids because the gladius is a tissue that supports the growth of the mantle and internal organs (Bizikov and Arkhipkin, 1997;Arkhipkin et al, 2012). Comparisons in CL/PL values and growth rates between geographic populations show spatial variations in these two structures.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Geographic variations of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) based on gladius morphology

Gong¹,

Chen²,

Li³

et al. 2017

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Abstract-The jumbo flying squid (Dosidicus gigas) is widely distributed in the eastern Pacific Ocean and its population structure is complex. Morphometric analysis of hard structures of cephalopods is frequently employed to explore the geographic variation within discreet population units. In this study, 8 morphometric characteristics of the gladius, or pen, were measured and compared from 562 jumbo squid specimens collected off Peru, the Costa Rica Dome, and from the equatorial central eastern Pacific. The growth rate of the gladius was evaluated by comparing it with the ages determined from statoliths. Results showed significant differences in gladii morphology between sexes and geographic populations. Stepwise discriminant analysis indicated that gladius morphometric characteristics were suitable discriminatory variables with an overall correct classification rate of 78.6% for distinguishing different populations. Higher daily growth rates were found in the proostracum than in the conus, possibly because of the different biological functions of these anatomical parts. These results support our general hypothesis that gladius morphology provides an alternative way to distinguish potential geographic populations of D. gigas and it adds new information regarding the gladius of the Ommastrephidae.Morphometric analysis has been an accepted method for studying the geographic variation of population units within species of cephalopods (Nesis, 1993; Crespi-Abril et al., 2010;Liu et al., 2015a; van der Vyver et al., 2016). Cephalopods show high phenotypic plasticity in both soft and hard structures owing to their biological characteristics, such as rapid growth, short life span, and highly migratory activity (Crespi-Abril et al., 2010;Arkhipkin et al., 2015; van der Vyver et al., 2016). Therefore, morphometric analysis may be a useful approach for studying geographic variations in pelagic cephalopods that have an extensive distribution range.The jumbo flying squid (Dosidicus gigas) is widely distributed in the eastern Pacific Ocean, extending from Alaska (60°N) to Chile (46°S) and stretching to the west (125°-140°W) at the Equator (Nigmatullin et al., 2001; Ibáñez and Cubillos, 2007). As a pelagic cephalopod, D. gigas has an important ecological function in marine ecosystems, not only as a voracious predator but also as a valuable source of prey (Field et al., 2007; Alegre et al., 2014). It also supports an important commercial fishery, and in 2014 the annual catch exceeded 1,000,000 metric tons (FAO, 2016). The main fishing regions are located off the coasts of Chile and Peru, off the Costa Rica Dome and within the Gulf of California.Throughout its geographic range, the population structure of D. gigas is complicated and often debated. In the past, three distinguishable groups with a different size-at-ma- It has been assumed that there is a small group that occurs in the near-equatorial waters, a medium-size group that is distributed within the entire distribution range, and a large-size group that occurs at th...

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Section: Geographic Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geographic Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geographic Variations Of Jumbo Squid (Dosidicus Gigas) Basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographic variations of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) based on gladius morphology

Gong¹,

Chen²,

Li³

et al. 2017

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New records of the late Pliensbachian to early Toarcian (Early Jurassic) gladius‐bearing coleoid cephalopods from the Ya Ha Tinda Lagerstätte, Canada

Marroquín

Martindale

Fuchs

2018

Papers in Palaeontology

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The Ya Ha Tinda Lagerst€ atte from Alberta, Canada, is the first Jurassic marine Konservat-Lagerst€ atte from North America and hosts a substantial collection of exceptionally preserved fossil Vampyropoda specimens. Vampyropods are soft-bodied cephalopods (coleoids) characterized by eight arms and an internalized chitinous shell (gladius). Due to their lack of hard parts, Vampyropoda have a fragmentary fossil record, largely limited to exceptional Lagerst€ atten deposits. Excavations at Ya Ha Tinda have uncovered 16 vampyropod fossils from Pliensbachian and Toarcian strata, making it the largest deposit of Vampyropoda found outside the Tethys Ocean (Europe and the Middle East) for the Jurassic. Here, we present a taxonomic analysis of the Ya Ha Tinda Vampyropoda specimens and the first comprehensive study of Jurassic vampyropods from North America. In total, 14 specimens have sufficient details preserved on the gladius for taxonomic description. Two specimens are identifiable only to the suborder Loligosepiina (one to the family Geopeltidae), while the remaining specimens are identified to the genus level: six Paraplesioteuthis, three Loligosepia, one Geopeltis, one Parabelopeltis and one Jeletzkyteuthis. The discovery of Loligosepia cf. aalensis within Pliensbachian strata pushes back the earliest occurrence of this taxon from the early Toarcian to the late Pliensbachian. With the exception of Paraplesioteuthis, this is the first time these genera have been found outside of Europe for the Jurassic; therefore, this study significantly expands their palaeogeographical range. Furthermore, with established high-resolution bio-and chemostratigraphy, specimens can be assigned to ammonite zones and placed in the context of the global Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event.F I G . 1 . Ya Ha Tinda locality and palaeogeographical location map of gladius-bearing coleoid localities for the Early Jurassic. A, present day location of Ya Ha Tinda locality within the province of Alberta, Canada. B, Early Jurassic palaeogeographical globe denoting Ya Ha Tinda (black star) and the localities of other Early Jurassic fossil vampyropod occurrences: 1, Neuqu en Basin; 2, Strawberry Bank Lagerst€ atte (English Lias); 3, Whitby Jet Rock (English Lias); 4, German Posidonienschiefer Formation.

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Comparative growth increments of gladius surface and cross-sections to estimate Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis age

Wang

Liu

et al. 2018

Mar Biol

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Vestigial phragmocone in the gladius points to a deepwater origin of squid (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)

Cited by 37 publications

References 30 publications

Geographic variations of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) based on gladius morphology

Geographic variations of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) based on gladius morphology

New records of the late Pliensbachian to early Toarcian (Early Jurassic) gladius‐bearing coleoid cephalopods from the Ya Ha Tinda Lagerstätte, Canada

Comparative growth increments of gladius surface and cross-sections to estimate Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis age

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