Vestibular influence on tongue activity

Elmund, Julie K.; Bowman, James P.; Morgan, Roger J.

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(83)90162-0

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The gracile nucleus (GN) receives peripheral somatosensory nociceptive afferents projecting from the hindlimb [18,40], and stimulation of somatic sensory nerves results in changes in autonomic functions [5,32]. The hypoglossal nucleus (HN) is the center of motor afferent control for lower jaw and tongue movements [8,21] and is involved with the taste and gustatory responses in the medulla [9,34,36]. The somatosensory information traveling along the limb nerves also modulates firing neurons in the HN [1,8,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of electroacupuncture Zusanli (ST36) on food intake and expression of POMC and TRPV1 through afferents-medulla pathway in obese prone rats

2013

Peptides

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Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) ST36 on food intake and body weight in Obese Prone (OP) rats compared to obese resistant (OR) strain on a high fat diet. The influences of EA on mRNA levels of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) were also examined in the medulla regions and ST36 skin tissue. Methods Advanced EA ST36 was conducted in two sessions of 20 min separated by an 80 min interval for 7 days. Food intake and body weight were recorded in conscious rats every day. Real time PCR was conducted in the micropunches of the medulla regions and skin tissues at the end of the treatment. Results Food intake and body weight were significantly reduced by advanced EA ST36 in OP rats, but slightly decreased in OR strain and sham-EA rats. Advanced EA ST36 produced a marked increase in POMC mRNA level in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and hypoglossal nucleus (HN) regions. TRPV1 and nNOS mRNAs were simultaneously increased in the NTS/gracile nucleus regions and in the ST36 skin regions by the EA treatment in OP rats. Conclusions We conclude that advanced EA ST36 produces an up-regulation of anorexigenic factor POMC production in the NTS/HN, which inhibits food intake and reduces body weight. EA-induced expression of TRPV1-nNOS in the ST36 and the NTS/gracile nucleus is involved in the signal transduction of EA stimuli via somatosensory afferents-medulla pathways.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of electroacupuncture Zusanli (ST36) on food intake and expression of POMC and TRPV1 through afferents-medulla pathway in obese prone rats

2013

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“…Nevertheless, in support of the idea that vestibular reflex inputs have the capacity to modulate upper airway motor tone, electrical stimulation of vestibular nerve afferents increases motor activity to the muscles innervated by the recurrent laryngeal and superior laryngeal nerves, the pharyngeal branch of the vagus, and the glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves (335,513). Likewise in anesthetized cats, vestibular stimulation produced by either electrical activation of the vestibule or stimulation of the rostroventral lateral vestibular nucleus increases tongue muscle activity (129). Whether these responses of upper airway motor activities to vestibular stimulation have any bearing on the magnitude of effects produced by a change in head position in a sleeping subject, however, is debatable because of the lack of available data and this needs to be specifically investigated.…”

Section: Postural Effects On Upper Airway Muscle Activity and Airway mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Whether these responses of upper airway motor activities to vestibular stimulation have any bearing on the magnitude of effects produced by a change in head position in a sleeping subject, however, is debatable because of the lack of available data and this needs to be specifically investigated. Interestingly, the activating effects of vestibular stimulation on upper airway motor activities may occur via state-dependent neural systems such as the reticular formation (129) and/or the caudal medullary raphé neurons (628), such that responses may be present in wakefulness but suppressed in sleep.…”

Section: Postural Effects On Upper Airway Muscle Activity and Airway mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Control of the Upper Airway: Integrative Physiological Mechanisms and Relevance for Sleep Disordered Breathing

Horner

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

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The various neural mechanisms affecting the control of the upper airway muscles are discussed in this review, with particular emphasis on structure-function relationships and integrative physiological motor-control processes. Particular foci of attention include the respiratory function of the upper airway muscles, and the various reflex mechanisms underlying their control, specifically the reflex responses to changes in airway pressure, reflexes from pulmonary receptors, chemoreceptor and baroreceptor reflexes, and postural effects on upper airway motor control. This article also addresses the determinants of upper airway collapsibility and the influence of neural drive to the upper airway muscles, and the influence of common drugs such as ethanol, sedative hypnotics, and opioids on upper airway motor control. In addition to an examination of these basic physiological mechanisms, consideration is given throughout this review as to how these mechanisms relate to integrative function in the intact normal upper airway in wakefulness and sleep, and how they may be involved in the pathogenesis of clinical problems such obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea.

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“…Some internal dendrites extend into the contralateral nucleus (Wan et al, 1982;Altschuler et al, 1994) and external dendrites may reach 1 mm in length, extending laterally into the adjacent reticular formation (MdD and MdV) and, in some cases, reach Sp5 (Wan et al, 1982). Projections onto 12N dendrites extending into the RF may mediate sensory input to 12N from visual, somatosensory and vestibular sources (Elmund et al, 1983;Mameli et al, 1988;Mameli and Melis, 1992).…”

Section: Dendritic Architecturementioning

confidence: 98%

Oromotor Nuclei

Travers

2015

The Rat Nervous System

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Vestibular influence on tongue activity

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of electroacupuncture Zusanli (ST36) on food intake and expression of POMC and TRPV1 through afferents-medulla pathway in obese prone rats

Effects of electroacupuncture Zusanli (ST36) on food intake and expression of POMC and TRPV1 through afferents-medulla pathway in obese prone rats

Neural Control of the Upper Airway: Integrative Physiological Mechanisms and Relevance for Sleep Disordered Breathing

Oromotor Nuclei

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