Vestibular function and space motion sickness

Kornilova, L. N.; Naumov, I. A.; Glukhikh, D. O.; Ekimovskiy, G. A.; Pavlova, A. S.; Khabarova, V. V.; Smirnov, Yu. I.; Yarmanova, E. N.

doi:10.1134/s0362119717050085

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Besides issues that can be identified as health problems, microgravity induces many changes in behavior and performance, some of which may be considered as functional alterations and some as compensatory adaptations to the new environment (Newberg and Alavi, 1998; Bloomberg et al, 2015; Kornilova et al, 2017). The most pronounced among these changes are alterations in sensorimotor function, which, in its different aspects, recovers from days to weeks upon returning to the Earth (Lackner and DiZio, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of Functional Brain Connectivity After Long-Duration Spaceflight as Revealed by fMRI

Pechenkova

Nosikova

Rumshiskaya³

et al. 2019

Front. Physiol.

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The present study reports alterations of task-based functional brain connectivity in a group of 11 cosmonauts after a long-duration spaceflight, compared to a healthy control group not involved in the space program. To elicit the postural and locomotor sensorimotor mechanisms that are usually most significantly impaired when space travelers return to Earth, a plantar stimulation paradigm was used in a block design fMRI study. The motor control system activated by the plantar stimulation involved the pre-central and post-central gyri, SMA, SII/operculum, and, to a lesser degree, the insular cortex and cerebellum. While no post-flight alterations were observed in terms of activation, the network-based statistics approach revealed task-specific functional connectivity modifications within a broader set of regions involving the activation sites along with other parts of the sensorimotor neural network and the visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular systems. The most notable findings included a post-flight increase in the stimulation-specific connectivity of the right posterior supramarginal gyrus with the rest of the brain; a strengthening of connections between the left and right insulae; decreased connectivity of the vestibular nuclei, right inferior parietal cortex (BA40) and cerebellum with areas associated with motor, visual, vestibular, and proprioception functions; and decreased coupling of the cerebellum with the visual cortex and the right inferior parietal cortex. The severity of space motion sickness symptoms was found to correlate with a post- to pre-flight difference in connectivity between the right supramarginal gyrus and the left anterior insula. Due to the complex nature and rapid dynamics of adaptation to gravity alterations, the post-flight findings might be attributed to both the long-term microgravity exposure and to the readaptation to Earth’s gravity that took place between the landing and post-flight MRI session. Nevertheless, the results have implications for the multisensory reweighting and gravitational motor system theories, generating hypotheses to be tested in future research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of Functional Brain Connectivity After Long-Duration Spaceflight as Revealed by fMRI

Pechenkova

Nosikova

Rumshiskaya³

et al. 2019

Front. Physiol.

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“…La SMS ocurre durante el vuelo espacial y después de regresar al Planeta Tierra, los mecanismos de su desarrollo no son concluyentes, aún están en estudio. Sus manifestaciones son: ilusión de orientación, mareos, descoordinación, náuseas, vómitos, dificultad en la fijación en la mirada y localización de objetos (17,19) .…”

Section: Síndrome De Adaptación Al Espaciounclassified

Medicina humana espacial: Performance fisiológico y contramedidas para mejorar la salud del astronauta

Rivera¹,

Cornejo²,

Huallpayunca³

et al. 2020

RFMH

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This Review Article is presented based on current scientific evidence on space medicine focused on human physiology and its countermeasures. Therefore, a non-systematic bibliographic search of scientific articles and research books in English-Spanish of the last 7 years was carried out, detailing their application in humans, murine models and in vitro experiments. The conditions of the space environment such as microgravity and radiation that produce considerable physiological changes in the cardiovascular system (redistribution of fluids, cardiovascular remodeling, arrhythmias) were taken into account; nervous (sensorimotor, neurosensory, neurovestibular); respiratory (volume and capacity changes); renal (lithiasis); musculoskeletal (muscular atrophy, osteoporosis); hematological (anemia); immunological (immune dysregulation) and digestive (intestinal microbiota disorder). In addition, there are biological, molecular and genetic processes still to be explored, in order to know and mitigate the uncertain mechanisms triggered in extreme and dangerous environments. Therefore, it is a priority to develop and implement countermeasures to reduce the harmful effects on health, with the aim of guaranteeing the astronaut's adaptation, safety and performance during future space flights.

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“…More recently, Kornilova and colleagues ( 46 ) found increased drift and SWJs two days after spaceflight. Oculomotor impairment was slightly more frequent in cosmonauts without prior spaceflight experience (33%) than in veteran cosmonauts (21%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Microsaccades in applied environments: Real-world applications of fixational eye movement measurements

Alexander

Macknik

Martínez-Conde

2020

JEMR

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Across a wide variety of research environments, the recording of microsaccades and other fixational eye movements has provided insight and solutions into practical problems. Here we review the literature on fixational eye movements—especially microsaccades—in applied and ecologically-valid scenarios. Recent technical advances allow noninvasive fixational eye movement recordings in real-world contexts, while observers perform a variety of tasks. Thus, fixational eye movement measures have been obtained in a host of real-world scenarios, such as in connection with driver fatigue, vestibular sensory deprivation in astronauts, and elite athletic training, among others. Here we present the state of the art in the practical applications of fixational eye movement research, examine its potential future uses, and discuss the benefits of including microsaccade measures in existing eye movement detection technologies. Current evidence supports the inclusion of fixational eye movement measures in real-world contexts, as part of the development of new or improved oculomotor assessment tools. The real-world applications of fixational eye movement measurements will only grow larger and wider as affordable high-speed and high-spatial resolution eye trackers become increasingly prevalent.

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Vestibular function and space motion sickness

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Alterations of Functional Brain Connectivity After Long-Duration Spaceflight as Revealed by fMRI

Alterations of Functional Brain Connectivity After Long-Duration Spaceflight as Revealed by fMRI

Medicina humana espacial: Performance fisiológico y contramedidas para mejorar la salud del astronauta

Microsaccades in applied environments: Real-world applications of fixational eye movement measurements

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