Vestibular benefits to task savings in motor adaptation

Sarwary, A. M. E.; Selen, Luc P. J.; Medendorp, W. Pieter

doi:10.1152/jn.00914.2012

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Savings refers to the observation that when a subject adapts to perturbation (A), and then the perturbation is removed (i.e., washout), they exhibit faster readaptation to (A)(10). Remarkably, savings of (A) is present even when washout is followed by adaptation to (-A), a perturbation in the opposite direction (11, 12). Current error-dependent models of learning cannot account for these observations (13, 14), nor explain meta-learning, where prior exposure to a random perturbation produces savings (15, 16).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A memory of errors in sensorimotor learning

Herzfeld

Vaswani

Marko

et al. 2014

Science

314

422

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The current view of motor learning suggests that when we revisit a task, the brain recalls the motor commands it previously learned. In this view, motor memory is a memory of motor commands, acquired through trial-and-error and reinforcement. Here we show that the brain controls how much it is willing to learn from the current error through a principled mechanism that depends on the history of past errors. This suggests that the brain stores a previously unknown form of memory, a memory of errors. A mathematical formulation of this idea provides insights into a host of puzzling experimental data, including savings and meta-learning, demonstrating that when we are better at a motor task, it is partly because the brain recognizes the errors it experienced before.

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confidence: 99%

“…Error-sensitivity modulation was specific to the experienced errors, suggesting that training produced a memory of errors. This idea accounted for a host of puzzling observations, including saturation of error-sensitivity (5, 6, 29), the phenomenon of meta-learning (16), examples of savings (10–12), and reinforced repetition (15). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A memory of errors in sensorimotor learning

Herzfeld

Vaswani

Marko

et al. 2014

Science

314

422

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“…Several studies have shown that the brain anticipates Coriolis torques on the limb that are generated during active torso rotation (Pigeon et al 2013;Sainburg et al 1999) and adapts reaches while on a rotating or translating platform (Lackner and Dizio 1994;Sarwary et al 2013). However, it is unclear if, and how, the brain anticipates biomechanical costs in deciding which hand to use when one is reaching for a target during passive whole body translations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Decisions in motion: passive body acceleration modulates hand choice

Bakker

Weijer

Beers

et al. 2017

Journal of Neurophysiology

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In everyday life, we frequently have to decide which hand to use for a certain action. It has been suggested that for this decision the brain calculates expected costs based on action values, such as expected biomechanical costs, expected success rate, handedness, and skillfulness. Although these conclusions were based on experiments in stationary subjects, we often act while the body is in motion. We investigated how hand choice is affected by passive body motion, which directly affects the biomechanical costs of the arm movement due to its inertia. With the use of a linear motion platform, 12 right-handed subjects were sinusoidally translated (0.625 and 0.5 Hz). At 8 possible motion phases, they had to reach, using either their left or right hand, to a target presented at 1 of 11 possible locations. We predicted hand choice by calculating the expected biomechanical costs under different assumptions about the future acceleration involved in these computations, being the forthcoming acceleration during the reach, the instantaneous acceleration at target onset, or zero acceleration as if the body were stationary. Although hand choice was generally biased to use of the dominant hand, it also modulated sinusoidally with the motion, with the amplitude of the bias depending on the motion's peak acceleration. The phase of hand choice modulation was consistent with the cost model that took the instantaneous acceleration signal at target onset. This suggests that the brain relies on the bottom-up acceleration signals, and not on predictions about future accelerations, when deciding on hand choice during passive whole body motion. Decisions of hand choice are a fundamental aspect of human behavior. Whereas these decisions are typically studied in stationary subjects, this study examines hand choice while subjects are in motion. We show that accelerations of the body, which differentially modulate the biomechanical costs of left and right hand movements, are also taken into account when deciding which hand to use for a reach, possibly based on bottom-up processing of the otolith signal.

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“…Furthermore, the brain adapts its control policy to the Coriolis torques felt during reaches made in rotating environments (see Lackner and Dizio, 2005, for review). Similarly, we showed that human subjects adapt their control policy for reaching under passive lateral translation on a vestibular platform, inducing inertial forces on the arm (Sarwary et al, 2013).…”

Section: Learning and Recallmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…We tested this recently, asking subjects to reach while their body was passively translated laterally (Sarwary et al, 2013). We switched the coupling between the direction of a reaching movement (forwardbackward) and the direction of whole-body motion (leftward-rightward) every 160 trials (see Fig.…”

Section: Learning and Recallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibular contributions to high-level sensorimotor functions

Medendorp

Selen

2017

Neuropsychologia

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The vestibular system, which detects motion and orientation of the head in space, is known to be important in controlling gaze to stabilize vision, to ensure postural stability and to provide our sense of self-motion. While the brain's computations underlying these functions are extensively studied, the role of the vestibular system in higher level sensorimotor functions is less clear. This review covers new research on the vestibular influence on perceptual judgments, motor decisions, and the ability to learn multiple motor actions. Guided by concepts such as optimization, inference, estimation and control, we focus on how the brain determines causal relationships between memorized and visual representations in the updating of visual space, and how vestibular, visual and efferent motor information are integrated in the estimation of body motion. We also discuss evidence that these computations involve multiple coordinate representations, some of which can be probed in parietal cortex using neuronal oscillations derived from EEG. In addition, we describe work on decision making during self-motion, showing a clear modulation of bottom-up acceleration signals on decisions in the saccadic system. Finally, we consider the importance of vestibular signals as contextual cues in motor learning and recall. Taken together, these results emphasize the impact of vestibular information on high-level sensorimotor functions, and identify future directions for theoretical, behavioral, and neurophysiological investigations.

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Vestibular benefits to task savings in motor adaptation

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

A memory of errors in sensorimotor learning

A memory of errors in sensorimotor learning

Decisions in motion: passive body acceleration modulates hand choice

Vestibular contributions to high-level sensorimotor functions

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