Abstract:Vespa amino acid mixture (VAAM) is a synthetic blend of amino acids, which has been proven to increase rates of aerobic cellular metabolism by increasing net ATP production in various eukaryotes. The mechanism through which VAAM increases ATP production is unknown; our work suggests that VAAM augments the proton motive force. In order to quantitatively evaluate the effects of VAAM on mitochondrial metabolism, we measured the levels of reactive oxygen species, relative NAD+/NADH levels, caspase activation, mito… Show more
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