Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Matrix Protein Impairs CD1d-Mediated Antigen Presentation through Activation of the p38 MAPK Pathway

Abstract

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are unique T lymphocytes that recognize Infection of CD1d؉ cells with a temperature-sensitive VSV-M mutant at the nonpermissive temperature both substantially reversed the inhibition of antigen presentation by CD1d and delayed the activation of p38. Thus, the VSV-M protein plays an important role in permitting the virus to evade important components of the innate immune response by regulating specific MAPK pathways.

Human Herpesvirus 7 U21 Downregulates Classical and Nonclassical Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules from the Cell Surface

“…Although not encoded in the MHC, it assembles with ␤ 2 m and has a three-dimensional structure nearly superimposable with class I MHC molecules (31; for a review, see reference 24). Because CD1d has been recently described as a target for downregulation by HCMV, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated virus, herpes simplex virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus (41)(42)(43)45), we hypothesized that U21 might also cause relocalization of CD1d to lysosomes. CD1d expression is confined to professional antigen-presenting cells, so to assess U21's ability to affect CD1d, we expressed exogenous CD1d using human U373 cells.…”

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Glycoprotein B and US3 Collaborate To Inhibit CD1d Antigen Presentation and NKT Cell Function

“…LCMV also downregulates CD1d from the cell surface, but the mechanism is unknown (43). Other viruses, including vaccinia and vesicular stomatitis viruses, inhibit NKT cell function not by inhibiting CD1d surface expression but rather by modulating the signal transduction pathways and the quality of CD1d lipid presentation (57,58,71).…”

Varicella-Zoster Virus ORF12 Protein Triggers Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Inhibits Apoptosis

“…For example, HIV (10), influenza virus (15), human hepatitis viruses (13), rotavirus (8), and vesicular stomatitis virus (19) activate MAPKs to enhance virus replication. Human herpesviruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), or Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, target the MAPK pathway for cell transformation (21), prevention of apoptosis (14), or induction of reactivation (31,32).…”