2017
DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9568-1
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Vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT): appearance of an actress on the stage of purinergic signaling

Abstract: Vesicular storage of ATP is one of the processes initiating purinergic chemical transmission. Although an active transport mechanism was postulated to be involved in the processes, a transporter(s) responsible for the vesicular storage of ATP remained unidentified for some time. In 2008, SLC17A9, the last identified member of the solute carrier 17 type I inorganic phosphate transporter family, was found to encode the vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT) that is responsible for the vesicular storage of ATP. … Show more

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Cited by 69 publications
(60 citation statements)
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References 134 publications
(233 reference statements)
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“…Extracellular nucleosides and nucleo tides exert their action via a number of purinergic receptors (Adenosine, P2X and P2Y), which are well characterized in many cells, and provide attractive therapeutic targets, for example, in neurologic and cardiovascular diseases, inflam mation, osteoporosis, cancer and diabetes. 4 Another type of ATP release mechanism includes plasma membrane ion channels and transporters such as pannexin-1, connexin hemichannels, cystic fibrosis trans membrane conductance regulator (CFTR), cell volumesensitive anion channels and maxi-anion channels and even the P2X7 receptors. Nevertheless, it is known that most cells have a basal 'resting' ATP release 2 and, depending on the cell type, ATP release can be also stimulated by hormones, agonists, changes in membrane voltage, mechanical and chemical stress.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Extracellular nucleosides and nucleo tides exert their action via a number of purinergic receptors (Adenosine, P2X and P2Y), which are well characterized in many cells, and provide attractive therapeutic targets, for example, in neurologic and cardiovascular diseases, inflam mation, osteoporosis, cancer and diabetes. 4 Another type of ATP release mechanism includes plasma membrane ion channels and transporters such as pannexin-1, connexin hemichannels, cystic fibrosis trans membrane conductance regulator (CFTR), cell volumesensitive anion channels and maxi-anion channels and even the P2X7 receptors. Nevertheless, it is known that most cells have a basal 'resting' ATP release 2 and, depending on the cell type, ATP release can be also stimulated by hormones, agonists, changes in membrane voltage, mechanical and chemical stress.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One is based on exocytosis of vesicles con taining ATP, which is accumulated there by action of the vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT, SLC17A9), and is found, for example, in neurons, endocrine and exocrine cells. 4 Another type of ATP release mechanism includes plasma membrane ion channels and transporters such as pannexin-1, connexin hemichannels, cystic fibrosis trans membrane conductance regulator (CFTR), cell volumesensitive anion channels and maxi-anion channels and even the P2X7 receptors. 3,57 Recent research indicates that po tentially one of the most important mechanism for ATP re lease may be pannexin-1 (Panx1), which is also implicated in inflammation, chronic pain, cardiovascular and other dis eases.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…S2g), confirming the neuron-intrinsic nature of these morpho-functional units, and suggesting that they may function as mitochondria-related signaling hubs in neurons that microglia can specifically recognize. Vesicular release of mitochondria-derived ATP from neurons may occur via vesicular nucleotide transporter (vNUT) (33,34). Indeed, we found that vNUT signal intensity was 2.5 times higher in the vicinity of the neuronal membranes at somatic microglia-neuron junctions than at areas outside the junctions (Fig.…”
Section: Figure 2 Microglia-neuron Junctions Possess a Specialized Nmentioning
confidence: 86%
“…Neurons can execute somatic ATP release via pannexin hemichannels, voltage dependent anion channels or through activity-dependent vesicle exocytosis (20,21,54). Vesicular nucleotide transporter (vNUT) is known to be responsible for somatic vesicular ATP-release in neurons (34). In fact, we demonstrated the enrichment of vNUT between neuronal mitochondria and the somatic membranes contacted by microglia, where TOM20-positive mitochondria-derived vesicles were also observed, through which regulated exocytotic release of ATP and other vesicular substances could provide a constant readout of neuronal activity and mitochondrial function as seen in neurons and other cells (32,55,56).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This protein is a member of the SLC17 anion transporter family, and transports nucleotides such as ATP and ADP into secretory vesicles using the membrane potential (Δψ; inside positive) across membranes, which is established by vacuolar H + -ATPase (14,15). Recent studies indicated that VNUT is expressed and functions in neuroendocrine and immune cells, which have been reported to be associated with purinergic tissues or cells (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). VNUT -/-mice were shown to lose vesicular ATP contents and vesicular ATP release, resulting in loss of purinergic chemical transmission in vivo (19).…”
Section: Vesicular Nucleotide Transportermentioning
confidence: 99%