Vesicular Glutamate Transporter-Dependent Glutamate Release from Astrocytes

Montana, Vedrana; Ni, Yingchun; Sunjara, Vice; Hua, Xuejun; Parpura, Vladimir

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3770-03.2004

Cited by 336 publications

(377 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…The specificity of affinity-purified goat antiChAT was shown by abolishing the immunolabeling after antibody pre-incubation with ChAT protein (Li and Furness, 1998). Montana et al (2004) and Synaptic Systems as manufacturer provided adsorption controls, in which the binding of mouse anti-VGLUT1 and rabbit anti-VGLUT2 was prevented.…”

Section: Characterization Of Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vesicular glutamate transporter 3-immunoreactive pericellular baskets ensheath a distinct population of neurons in the lateral septum

Riedel

Westerholz

Braun

et al. 2008

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

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The lateral septum (LS) plays a role in the adjustment of behavioral responses according to environmental demands. This is a complex integrative process wherein a variety of modulatory systems, i.e. cholinergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic projections forming pericellular baskets around LS neurons, are involved.Recently, vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3)-immunoreactive (-ir) structures outlining unlabeled somata and their proximal dendrites were described in the LS. However, the vesicular transporters for acetylcholine and GABA were not or only rarely co-expressed with VGLUT3.In this study, the morphology and distribution of these VGLUT3-ir structures were systematically analyzed revealing that (1) they form distinct pericellular baskets (PBs) displaying variable shapes, (2) they are arranged in a layer-like pattern similar to the terminals of other modulatory systems, (3) beside a few exceptions (e.g., choline acetyltransferase), they are generally not or very sparsely colocalized with other neurochemical markers characterizing major neuron populations or afferent systems of the LS, i.e. calcium-binding proteins, tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, vesicular glutamate transporters 1 (VGLUT1) and 2 (VGLUT2) and the vesicular GABA transporter.Thus, in the LS, a separate population of neurons is covered by VGLUT3-ir PBs. The distribution pattern and the lack of co-localization indicate that the VGLUT3-expressing cells of origin are located in the brainstem and that they could be pure glutamatergic projection neurons-different from the well-defined canonical VGLUT1-and VGLUT2-expressing neurons. Alternatively, they could

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Section: Characterization Of Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vesicular glutamate transporter 3-immunoreactive pericellular baskets ensheath a distinct population of neurons in the lateral septum

Riedel

Westerholz

Braun

et al. 2008

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

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“…The original observations, which were interpreted as vesicular release, were made with primary astrocyte cultures (Parpura et al, 1994;Araque et al, 2000;Pasti et al, 2001;Montana et al, 2004).…”

Section: Vesicular Transmitter Release At Synapsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supportive or information-processing functions of the mature protoplasmic astrocyte in the mammalian CNS? A critical appraisal

Kimelberg

2007

Neuron Glia Biol.

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It has been proposed that astrocytes should no longer be viewed purely as support cells for neurons, such as providing a constant environment and metabolic substrates, but that they should also be viewed as being involved in affecting synaptic activity in an active way and, therefore, an integral part of the information-processing properties of the brain. This essay discusses the possible differences between a support and an instructive role, and concludes that any distinction has to be blurred. In view of this, and a brief overview of the nature of the data, the new evidence seems insufficient to conclude that the physiological roles of mature astrocytes go beyond a general support role. I propose a model of mature protoplasmic astrocyte function that is drawn from the most recent data on their structure, the domain concept and their syncytial characteristics, of an independent rather than integrative functioning of the ends of each process where the activities that affect synaptic activity and blood vessel diameter will be concentrated.

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“…It is well known that astrocytes release glutamate via many means, such as P2X 7 receptor [6] , exocytosis [7,8] , and Cx43 hemichannels [9] . The first evidence for Ca 2+ -dependent release of glutamate from cultured astrocytes was shown by using HPLC, which displayed that bradykinin-evoked intracellular Ca 2+ elevation in cultured astrocytes resulted in glutamate release [7,8] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of glutamate in the medium of five astrocyte groups was measured at various time points by HPLC as described previously [8] .…”

Section: Hplcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a glutamatemediated astrocyte-neuron signaling in the central nervous system [5] . Astrocytes release glutamate through various mechanisms, for example, P2X7 receptor [6] , exocytosis [7,8] , and Cx43 hemichannels [9] . Cx43 is a main connexin protein expressed in astrocytes [10][11][12] and is sensitive to various stimuli including osmotic stimulation [13,14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypertonic stimulation induces synthesis and release of glutamate in cultured rat hypothalamic astrocytes and C6 cells

et al. 2008

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Objective To investigate whether hypertonic saline (HS) can induce the synthesis and release of glutamate in cultured hypothalamic astrocytes or C6 cell line. Methods Astrocytes were isolated, cultured, purified and identified from the hypothalamus of newborn rat (1 day). The astrocytes were randomly divided into five groups: isotonic (IS) and HS groups, astrocytes were incubated by IS and HS (320 mOsm NaCl) medium, respectively, for 1, 3, 5, 10 or 15 min; carbenoxolone (CBX) +IS and CBX+HS groups, astrocytes were pre-treated with CBX (100 mmol/L) for 1 h at 37 ºC in a 5% CO2 / 95% atmosphere, then removed to IS and HS medium, respectively, for 1, 3, 5, 10 or 15 min; Ca 2+ +HS group, astrocytes were pre-incubated with Ca 2+ (1 000 μmol/L) for 1 h at 37 ºC in a 5% CO 2 / 95% atmosphere, followed by a wash with isotonic FBS/DMEM, and then removed to hypertonic saline for 1, 3, 5, 10 or 15 min. The media of five groups were collected to analyze the medium glutamate concentration with high performance liquid chromatography. The astrocytes were fixed and double immunofluorescent stained with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and anti-glutamate. The C6 cells were divided into four groups: IS, HS, CBX+IS and CBX+HS groups, and used for quantitative measurement of glutamate in cells by flow cytometry (FCM). Results (1) Anti-GFAP immunofluorescent signal revealed no significant difference among various time points in each group, or among the five groups. (2) The anti-glutamate immunofluorescent signal was increased in HS group and peaked at 5 min, and decreased and returned to the level of IS group at 15 min (P < 0.01 vs the 5 min of HS group). In CBX+HS group, the glutamate intensity was higher than that in CBX+IS and HS groups. (3) The medium glutamate concentration had no change after treatment with HS for 1 and 3 min, while increased markedly after treatment for 5 min to 15 min (P < 0.01 vs 1 min and 3 min). On the contrary, the medium glutamate concentrations in the CBX+HS or Ca 2+ +HS group were significant lower than that in the HS group (P < 0.01). (4) FCM showed HS and CBX+HS induced glutamate increase in C6 cells. Conclusion HS induced cultured rat hypothalamic astrocytes or C6 cells to synthesize and release glutamate; CBX could block glutamate release, but could not disrupt glutamate synthesis.

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Vesicular Glutamate Transporter-Dependent Glutamate Release from Astrocytes

Cited by 336 publications

References 48 publications

Vesicular glutamate transporter 3-immunoreactive pericellular baskets ensheath a distinct population of neurons in the lateral septum

Vesicular glutamate transporter 3-immunoreactive pericellular baskets ensheath a distinct population of neurons in the lateral septum

Supportive or information-processing functions of the mature protoplasmic astrocyte in the mammalian CNS? A critical appraisal

Hypertonic stimulation induces synthesis and release of glutamate in cultured rat hypothalamic astrocytes and C6 cells

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