Abstract:The sensitivity of biosensors is often not sufficient to detect diagnostically relevant biomarker concentrations. In this paper we have utilized a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) to detect dissipative losses induced by the attachment of intact vesicles. We modified a sandwich assay by coupling the secondary antibodies to vesi-cles. This resulted in an increase of detection sensitivity, achieving a diagnostically relevant detection limit of 5 ng/ml or 30 pM antigens. In addition,… Show more
“…Fractions 4 and 5 exhibited the most pronounced dissipation of 14.7 ± 1.9 and 13.5 ± 1.6, on average, respectively ( Figure 3B). This phenomenon has been previously reported by groups sensing synthetic vesicles, 60,61 where the viscoelastic structures resulted in energy storage (elastic) and loss (viscous) during oscillation. This is of interest, as it provides another discriminating factor to determine whether bound adsorbates are exosomal (vesicular and dissipative) or artifacts (nonvesicular and rigid).…”
Exosomes are endocytic lipid-membrane bound bodies with potential to be used as biomarkers in cancer and neurodegenerative disease. The limitations and scarcity of current exosome characterisation approaches has led to a growing demand for translational techniques, capable of determining their molecular composition and physical properties in physiological fluids. Here, we investigate label-free immunosensing, using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), to detect exosomes by exploiting their surface protein profile. Exosomes expressing the transmembrane protein CD63 were isolated by size-exclusion chromatography from cell culture media. QCM-D sensors functionalised with anti-CD63 antibodies formed a direct immunoassay towards CD63-positive exosomes, exhibiting a limit-of-detection of 1.7x10^8 and 1.1x10^8 exosome sized particles (ESPs) ml^-1 for frequency and dissipation response respectively, i.e., clinically relevant concentrations. Our proof-of-concept findings support the adoption of dual-mode acoustic analysis of exosomes, leveraging both frequency and dissipation monitoring for use in diagnostic assays.
“…Fractions 4 and 5 exhibited the most pronounced dissipation of 14.7 ± 1.9 and 13.5 ± 1.6, on average, respectively ( Figure 3B). This phenomenon has been previously reported by groups sensing synthetic vesicles, 60,61 where the viscoelastic structures resulted in energy storage (elastic) and loss (viscous) during oscillation. This is of interest, as it provides another discriminating factor to determine whether bound adsorbates are exosomal (vesicular and dissipative) or artifacts (nonvesicular and rigid).…”
Exosomes are endocytic lipid-membrane bound bodies with potential to be used as biomarkers in cancer and neurodegenerative disease. The limitations and scarcity of current exosome characterisation approaches has led to a growing demand for translational techniques, capable of determining their molecular composition and physical properties in physiological fluids. Here, we investigate label-free immunosensing, using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), to detect exosomes by exploiting their surface protein profile. Exosomes expressing the transmembrane protein CD63 were isolated by size-exclusion chromatography from cell culture media. QCM-D sensors functionalised with anti-CD63 antibodies formed a direct immunoassay towards CD63-positive exosomes, exhibiting a limit-of-detection of 1.7x10^8 and 1.1x10^8 exosome sized particles (ESPs) ml^-1 for frequency and dissipation response respectively, i.e., clinically relevant concentrations. Our proof-of-concept findings support the adoption of dual-mode acoustic analysis of exosomes, leveraging both frequency and dissipation monitoring for use in diagnostic assays.
“…The interaction of the biological detection element and the analyte is determined by the transducer unit. This unit can use optical [ 44 ], electrochemical [ 45 ], calorimetrical [ 46 ], or piezoelectrical principles [ 47 ]. The integration of biological elements such as enzymes, microorganisms, and antibodies as sensing materials makes the transducer selective and sensitive.…”
The biomanufacturing industry has now the opportunity to upgrade its production processes to be in harmony with the latest industrial revolution. Technology creates capabilities that enable smart manufacturing while still complying with unfolding regulations. However, many biomanufacturing companies, especially in the biopharma sector, still have a long way to go to fully benefit from smart manufacturing as they first need to transition their current operations to an information-driven future. One of the most significant obstacles towards the implementation of smart biomanufacturing is the collection of large sets of relevant data. Therefore, in this work, we both summarize the advances that have been made to date with regards to the monitoring and control of bioprocesses, and highlight some of the key technologies that have the potential to contribute to gathering big data. Empowering the current biomanufacturing industry to transition to Industry 4.0 operations allows for improved productivity through information-driven automation, not only by developing infrastructure, but also by introducing more advanced monitoring and control strategies.
“…QCM-D system can be used to characterize the formation of thin films from proteins, polymers and cells on surfaces (Höök and Kasemo, 2007). There have been relatively few efforts made to adapt QCM-D to biosensor development (Grieshaber et al, 2008;Poitras and Tufenkji, 2009). To the best of our knowledge, the amplification of Apt-GNPs with QCM-D detection has not been investigated.…”
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