Vesicle trafficking from a lipid perspective

Johansen, Jesper; Ramanathan, Vidhya; Beh, Christopher T.

doi:10.4161/cl.20490

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…(5). In addition, previous studies have demonstrated the role of PIPs in the control of cell polarity (by acting on actin cytoskeleton dynamics), secretory pathways, and septin recruitment and organization in animals, plants, and yeasts (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Nevertheless, most studies pointing out a specific role for PIPs are related to the polar head groups and not to the fatty acid component, even though PIs from plants, animals, and yeast contain larger amounts of saturated fatty acids than other phospholipids (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Requirement of Phosphoinositides Containing Stearic Acid To Control Cell Polarity

Doignon

Laquel

Testet

et al. 2016

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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c Phosphoinositides (PIPs) are present in very small amounts but are essential for cell signaling, morphogenesis, and polarity. By mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that some PIPs with stearic acyl chains were strongly disturbed in a psi1⌬ Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain deficient in the specific incorporation of a stearoyl chain at the sn-1 position of phosphatidylinositol. The absence of PIPs containing stearic acid induced disturbances in intracellular trafficking, although the total amount of PIPs was not diminished. Changes in PIPs also induced alterations in the budding pattern and defects in actin cytoskeleton organization (cables and patches). Moreover, when the PSI1 gene was impaired, a high proportion of cells with bipolar cortical actin patches that occurred concomitantly with the bipolar localization of Cdc42p was specifically found among diploid cells. This bipolar cortical actin phenotype, never previously described, was also detected in a bud9⌬/bud9⌬ strain. Very interestingly, overexpression of PSI1 reversed this phenotype. Lipids are not limited to the simple role of being components of biological membranes for cell compartmentalization. On the basis of their structural diversity, they are also biologically active molecules regulating several important physiological functions. Lipids can be classified into eight broad categories, on the basis of well-defined chemical and biochemical principles, with distinct functions in cells (1). Among them, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate [PI(4)P] and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-diphosphate [PI(4,5)P 2 ], derived from phosphatidylinositol (PI) by a series of kinase reactions, play major roles, even though they are minor constituents of cellular membranes; e.g., in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PI represents about 20% of total phospholipids (2) and phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs) represent only 0.1 to 1.1% of PIs (3, 4). It has been established that some mutations in genes encoding PIP-metabolizing enzymes are responsible for human diseases (Lowe syndrome, myopathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, psychiatric diseases, diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, etc.) (5). In addition, previous studies have demonstrated the role of PIPs in the control of cell polarity (by acting on actin cytoskeleton dynamics), secretory pathways, and septin recruitment and organization in animals, plants, and yeasts (6-11). Nevertheless, most studies pointing out a specific role for PIPs are related to the polar head groups and not to the fatty acid component, even though PIs from plants, animals, and yeast contain larger amounts of saturated fatty acids than other phospholipids (12). Only a few studies have highlighted the importance of the acyl chain composition of PIPs, for example, the nature of the acyl chains associated with PI(4,5)P 2 for activation of the GIRK1/GIRK4 potassium channel (13,14), and the importance of saturated fatty acids associated with PIPs to address these lipids in plant lipid rafts (15). In S. cerevisiae, stearic acid accounts for a few p...

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confidence: 99%

Requirement of Phosphoinositides Containing Stearic Acid To Control Cell Polarity

Doignon

Laquel

Testet

et al. 2016

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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“…Such rearrangement in the metabolism of lipids in ISO12 would be a coherent response towards both heat and hydrolysate-derived inhibitors during the long-term adaptation process, suggesting that at least some of the alterations in lipid composition could be essential for proper membrane development and function. The distinctions in lipid-related ORFs and lipid composition could also be connected with other biological functions of lipids related to stress response such as their role as signaling molecules during heat stress [ 107 ], their involvement during the initiation of translation of heat shock proteins [ 108 , 109 ] and exocytosis, a process that also largely depends on lipid-related reactions [ 110 ] and is largely affected during cellular stress [ 111 , 112 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell periphery-related proteins as major genomic targets behind the adaptive evolution of an industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain to combined heat and hydrolysate stress

et al. 2015

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BackgroundLaboratory evolution is an important tool for developing robust yeast strains for bioethanol production since the biological basis behind combined tolerance requires complex alterations whose proper regulation is difficult to achieve by rational metabolic engineering. Previously, we reported on the evolved industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain ISO12 that had acquired improved tolerance to grow and ferment in the presence of lignocellulose-derived inhibitors at high temperature (39 °C). In the current study, we used comparative genomics to uncover the extent of the genomic alterations that occurred during the evolution process and investigated possible associations between the mutations and the phenotypic traits in ISO12.ResultsThrough whole-genome sequencing and variant calling we identified a high number of strain-unique SNPs and INDELs in both ISO12 and the parental strain Ethanol Red. The variants were predicted to have 760 non-synonymous effects in both strains combined and were significantly enriched in Gene Ontology terms related to cell periphery, membranes and cell wall. Eleven genes, including MTL1, FLO9/FLO11, and CYC3 were found to be under positive selection in ISO12. Additionally, the FLO genes exhibited changes in copy number, and the alterations to this gene family were correlated with experimental results of multicellularity and invasive growth in the adapted strain. An independent lipidomic analysis revealed further differences between the strains in the content of nine lipid species. Finally, ISO12 displayed improved viability in undiluted spruce hydrolysate that was unrelated to reduction of inhibitors and changes in cell wall integrity, as shown by HPLC and lyticase assays.ConclusionsTogether, the results of the sequence comparison and the physiological characterisations indicate that cell-periphery proteins (e.g. extracellular sensors such as MTL1) and peripheral lipids/membranes are important evolutionary targets in the process of adaptation to the combined stresses. The capacity of ISO12 to develop complex colony formation also revealed multicellularity as a possible evolutionary strategy to improve competitiveness and tolerance to environmental stresses (also reflected by the FLO genes). Although a panel of altered genes with high relevance to the novel phenotype was detected, this study also demonstrates that the observed long-term molecular effects of thermal and inhibitor stress have polygenetic basis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1737-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…These processes rely on the localized metabolism of specific lipids [85-87], and on the regulated flipping of phospholipids between the two leaflets of the membrane [88]. A lipid crucial for the carrier formation stage is phosphatidylinositol-4 phosphate (PI4P), which binds multiple effectors and helps to coordinate exocytic vesicle formation [85, 86, 89, 90]. TGN domain formation also involves luminal Ca 2+ gradients generated by interactions of calcium pumps with the actin cytoskeleton [91 •, 92 ••].…”

Section: From the Golgi: The Carrier Formation Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Golgi compartmentation and identity

Papanikou

Glick

2014

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

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Recent work supports the idea that cisternae of the Golgi apparatus can be assigned to three classes, which correspond to discrete stages of cisternal maturation. Each stage has a unique pattern of membrane traffic. At the first stage, cisternae form in association with the ER at multifunctional membrane assembly stations. At the second stage, cisternae synthesize carbohydrates while exchanging material via COPI vesicles. At the third stage, cisternae of the trans-Golgi network segregate into domains and produce transport carriers with the aid of specific lipids and the actin cytoskeleton. These processes are coordinated by cascades of Rab and Arf/Arl GTPases.

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Vesicle trafficking from a lipid perspective

Cited by 22 publications

References 96 publications

Requirement of Phosphoinositides Containing Stearic Acid To Control Cell Polarity

Requirement of Phosphoinositides Containing Stearic Acid To Control Cell Polarity

Cell periphery-related proteins as major genomic targets behind the adaptive evolution of an industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain to combined heat and hydrolysate stress

Golgi compartmentation and identity

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