Very low doses of X-rays can cause human lymphocytes to become less susceptible to ionizing radiation

Shadley, Jeff D.; Wolff, Sheldon M.

doi:10.1093/mutage/2.2.95

Cited by 212 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…A similar difference, with and without 3AB treatment, is also observed in the case of challenge with 1.5 Gy X-rays: 15 -14% as compared with 59-52%. These results suggest that the addition of 3AB negates the adaptation response in human lymphocytes and support the observations made by Wiencke et al (1986) and Shadley et al (1987). However, the magnitude of reduction in the adaptation response by 3 AB is greater in the case of challenge with X-rays as compared with BLM.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…(1984) first reported that prior exposure of human lymphocytes to low levels of radioactive thymidine ( 3 [H]dThd) led to a significant reduction in the chromosome damage induced by a subsequent high dose of X-rays. Shadley and Wolff (1987) also observed that an X-ray dose, as low as 0.01 Gy, can protect the lymphocytes against the cytogenetic damage induced by a subsequent exposure to 1.5 Gy X-rays. The radiation dose used for adaptation seemed to have an effect; so also the time-interval between the adaptation and challenge doses (Shadley etal., 1987), the dose rate and the quality of radiation (Wiencke et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The activity of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (Skidmore etal., 1979;Durkacz etal., 1980) has been implicated in lymphocytes adapted to 3 [H]dThd and X-rays (Wiencke et al, 1986;Shadley et al, 1987). A similar study has been conducted to examine the role of 3-aminobenzamide (3AB), a potent inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, on the chromosome damage in human blood lymphocytes adapted to BLM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of 3-aminobenzamide on chromosome damage in human blood lymphocytes adapted to bleomycin

Vijayalaxmi¹,

Burkart²

1989

Mutagenesis

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Human blood lymphocytes, pre-treated with very low (adaptation) concentrations of bleomycin for 48 h and then exposed to a high (challenge) dose of the same agent or X-rays, became significantly less sensitive to the induction of chromosome damage than those which did not receive the pre-treatment, indicating an induction of 'adaptive repair' process. This repair process was negated when 3-aminobenzamide, an inhibitor of poly (ADP) polymerase, was added to the cultures immediately after the challenge treatment. The magnitude of negation in the adaptation response was greater in the case of lymphocytes challenged with X-rays as compared with those challenged with bleomycin.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of 3-aminobenzamide on chromosome damage in human blood lymphocytes adapted to bleomycin

Vijayalaxmi¹,

Burkart²

1989

Mutagenesis

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“…Interestingly, we found 4 dicentrics among control subjects and 2 among technicians (Table 4). It could be hypothesized that the higher number of dicentrics found in the control group was the result of an unknown exposure of these subjects to environmental xenobiotics and/or of a higher capacity of the technicians, chronically exposed to low doses of IR, to induce apoptosis in cells carrying severe chromosomal damages as a mechanism of individual adaptive response (Shadley and Wolff, 1987;Vijayalaxmi et al, 1995;Ikushima et al, 1996). The frequency of CAs serves as the most reliable biological exposure marker in case of acute accidental radiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in peripheral lymphocytes of radiology technicians chronically exposed to low levels of ionizing radiations

Santovito

Cervella

Delpero

2014

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Chromosome aberrations (CAs) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) frequencies were estimated in peripheral lymphocytes from 21 radiology technicians, and from 21 nonexposed control subjects. We exclusively considered individuals who neither smoke nor consume drugs or alcohol for a period of at least two years prior to the analysis. Significant differences were found between exposed and controls in terms of SCEs and CAs frequencies. Technicians showed a significant higher number of high-frequency individuals (HFIs) with respect to the control group. Nevertheless, the mean frequency of SCEs observed among technician HFIs did not significantly differ with respect to that observed among control HFIs. Vice versa, the nonHFIs belonging to technicians group showed a statistically higher difference in the SCEs/NSM value with respect to the non-HFIs belonging to control group. Since the differences in the SCEs frequencies between the two groups are due to non-HFIs, our results seem to indicate a general genotoxic effect of the IR, not affected by HFIs. Among technicians, the level of chromosome damage correlated neither with years of radiation exposure nor with the age of the subjects. Vice versa, in the control group, a positive correlation was found between the number of SCEs and age. In both samples the gender status did not influence the frequencies of CAs and SCEs. Our results suggest that chronic long-term exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation could increase the CAs and SCEs frequencies. This study reinforces the relevance of the biomonitoring of hospital workers chronically exposed to ionizing radiation.

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“…However, using varying biological endpoints (e.g., chromosomal damage, mutations, neoplastic transformation, and cancer), beneficial (not detrimental) effects of exposure to low doses of radiation have been found (Luckey 1982;Shadley and Wolff 1987;Bond et al 1991;Luckey 1991;Cohen 1995;Azzam et al 1996;Mitchel et al 1999;Calabrese and Baldwin 2000;Hooker et al 2004;Elmore et al 2005;Feinendegen 2005;Day et al 2006;Tubiana et al 2006;Feinendegen et al 2007). Nonetheless, information on such benefits is mainly limited to low doses of low linear-energy-transfer (LET) photons (i.e., X and γ rays) or combinations of low-LET gamma and high-LET alpha radiation (Scott nents to the dose (protons, neutrons, other ions) were 99%, 99%, 98%, 94%, and 94% respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Radiation Hormesis after In Vitro Exposure of Human Lymphocytes to Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation

Rithidech

Scott

2008

Dose-Response

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h Previous research has demonstrated that adding a very small gamma-ray dose to a small alpha radiation dose can completely suppress lung cancer induction by alpha radiation (a gamma-ray hormetic effect). Here we investigated the possibility of gamma-ray hormesis during low-dose neutron irradiation, since a small contribution to the total radiation dose from neutrons involves gamma rays. Using binucleated cells with micronuclei (micronucleated cells) among in vitro monoenergetic-neutron-irradiated human lymphocytes as a measure of residual damage, we investigated the influence of the small gammaray contribution to the dose on suppressing residual damage. We used residual damage data from previous experiments that involved neutrons with five different energies (0.22-, 0.44-, 1.5-, 5.9-, and 13.7-million electron volts [MeV]). Corresponding gamma-ray contributions to the dose were approximately 1%, 1%, 2%, 6%, and 6%, respectively. Total absorbed radiation doses were 0, 10, 50, and 100 mGy for each neutron source. We demonstrate for the first time a protective effect (reduced residual damage) of the small gamma-ray contribution to the neutron dose. Using similar data for exposure to gamma rays only, we also demonstrate a protective effect of 10 mGy (but not 50 or 100 mGy) related to reducing the frequency of micronucleated cells to below the spontaneous level.

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Very low doses of X-rays can cause human lymphocytes to become less susceptible to ionizing radiation

Cited by 212 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of 3-aminobenzamide on chromosome damage in human blood lymphocytes adapted to bleomycin

Effect of 3-aminobenzamide on chromosome damage in human blood lymphocytes adapted to bleomycin

Increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in peripheral lymphocytes of radiology technicians chronically exposed to low levels of ionizing radiations

Evidence for Radiation Hormesis after In Vitro Exposure of Human Lymphocytes to Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation

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