Very low cost infrared array-based detection and imaging systems

Mansi, M. V.; Porter, Stephen G.; Galloway, Joshua; Sumpter, Neil

doi:10.1117/12.445301

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The IRISYS detector is designed primarily for counting people moving back and forth across a datum line specified by the user (20)(21)(22). In this mode a single detector can be used, for instance, to count movements along a corridor or through a doorway.…”

Section: Technological Underpinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Low-Cost Infrared Detectors to Monitor Movement of Pedestrians: Initial Findings

Kerridge

Armitage

Binnie

et al. 2004

Transportation Research Record

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Monitoring the movement of pedestrians in everyday environments is difficult, especially if accurate data are required. Typically, data pertaining to the origins and destinations of pedestrians as they move around a space can be obtained only by either locating many observers in the area that is under surveillance or analyzing closed-circuit television footage. The former is error prone and perturbs the space being analyzed; the latter is expensive in regard to the technology and time required. Technical advances in low-cost infrared detectors provide an opportunity to observe pedestrian spaces unobtrusively and determine individual pedestrian trajectories automatically. The underpinning detector technology is described, and the way arrays of such detectors can be used to monitor larger spaces is shown. An outline of the algorithm used to create complete trajectories as pedestrians move between detectors is presented. A series of experiments is described: pedestrians were asked to move in a set of defined patterns in a controlled environment. Initial results from these experiments are discussed. It was found that at Fruin Levels of Service A to C, 93% of pedestrian trajectories could be tracked; that count dropped to 79% at Level of Service D.

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Section: Technological Underpinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Low-Cost Infrared Detectors to Monitor Movement of Pedestrians: Initial Findings

Kerridge

Armitage

Binnie

et al. 2004

Transportation Research Record

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“…The detectors used in this study have been developed by Irisys 3 as an attempt to provide a relatively low cost infrared array detection device (the detectors described on the company web site are actually a later model than the ones used here). The detector is based on an array of pyroelectric ceramic detection elements 4,5 . The array is a square format, with 16 rows and 16 columns of pixels.…”

Section: The Infrared Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring pedestrian trajectories using a pyroelectric differential infrared detector

Armitage¹,

Binnie²,

Kerridge³

et al. 2003

Sensors and Their Applications XII

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Low-cost, low-resolution infrared detectors have been used for measuring the trajectories of pedestrians. The detectors have been designed for counting the number of pedestrians crossing a line. The use of these detectors has been extended to provide complete trajectories across measurement areas approximately 3 Metres Square. This provides an effective way of rapidly measuring large numbers of pedestrian movements. Current work involves extending the effective area by combining trajectories from multiple detectors. Matching across detectors has been made difficult by the presence of edge effects. Progress is being made on the algorithms needed to track across fields of view.

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“…These include people counting and sensing systems for use in retail applications. Stogdale et al [7] have reported the use of a 16x16 array [ 8 ] in a system for people counting and queue length monitoring applications. Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyroelectric ceramics and thin films for applications in uncooled infra-red sensor arrays

Whatmore¹,

Zhang

Shaw

et al. 2007

Phys. Scr.

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Pyroelectric infra-red detector arrays provide an attractive solution to the problem of collecting spatial information in the far IR. They are only sensitive to changes in the IR flux and are well suited to sensing movements of people. The applications of low cost arrays with limited (few hundred) elements for people sensing & radiometry will be illustrated. The performances of uncooled pyroelectric arrays are ultimately driven by the materials used. For this reason, continuous improvements in materials technology and figures-of-merit are important. The performance of dense, bulk pyroelectric ceramics has not increased for several years, but nevertheless it is possible to obtain significant improvements in performance thorugh the use of tape-cast, functionallygradient materials (FGMs) in which controlled porosity is used to control the permittivity and heat capacity of the material. A model for the performance of such a material will be presented, and compared with experimentally-determined properties of FGMs based on a modified-PZT pyroelectric ceramic. The use of ferroelectric thin films is offering considerable potential for low cost & high performance. It will be shown that the introduction of controlled amounts of porosity can have a significant positive effect on the relevant pyroelectric figure-of-merit.

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Very low cost infrared array-based detection and imaging systems

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Using Low-Cost Infrared Detectors to Monitor Movement of Pedestrians: Initial Findings

Using Low-Cost Infrared Detectors to Monitor Movement of Pedestrians: Initial Findings

Measuring pedestrian trajectories using a pyroelectric differential infrared detector

Pyroelectric ceramics and thin films for applications in uncooled infra-red sensor arrays

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