Very Low-Calorie Diets

Atkinson, Richard L.; Dietz, William H.; Foreyt, John P.; Goodwin, Norma J.; Hill, James O.; Hirsch, Jules; Pi‐Sunyer, F. Xavier; Weinsier, Roland L.; Wing, Rena R.; Yanovski, Susan Z.; Hubbard, Van S.; Hoofnagle, Jay H.

doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03510080071034

Cited by 188 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…They aim to replace (completely or partially) usual dietary intake with nutritionally complete commercial products fortified with the recommended daily allowances of micronutrients, providing a total of 450–800 kcal (1855–3297 kJ) per day . Rapid initial weight loss is achieved, and there is associated ketosis‐mediated appetite suppression, which helps patients persevere on the VLED regimen, with weight loss of ~1.5–2.0 kg for women and 2.0–2.5 kg for men per week, although this subsequently plateaus . Most commercial VLED preparations recommend replacing three meals per day and provide approximately 70 g of protein; however, a minimum protein intake of 0.8 g/kg/day of bodyweight is generally recommended to attenuate the loss of lean body mass .…”

Section: Very Low‐energy Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rapid initial weight loss is achieved, and there is associated ketosis‐mediated appetite suppression, which helps patients persevere on the VLED regimen, with weight loss of ~1.5–2.0 kg for women and 2.0–2.5 kg for men per week, although this subsequently plateaus . Most commercial VLED preparations recommend replacing three meals per day and provide approximately 70 g of protein; however, a minimum protein intake of 0.8 g/kg/day of bodyweight is generally recommended to attenuate the loss of lean body mass . Larger individuals may need four or five meal replacements a day to help reduce appetite on the VLED regimen.…”

Section: Very Low‐energy Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Approaches to obesity management

Sweeting

Caterson

2017

Internal Medicine Journal

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Section: Very Low‐energy Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Very Low‐energy Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to obesity management

Sweeting

Caterson

2017

Internal Medicine Journal

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“…They are used when a larger, more rapid short-term weight loss is desired [41] and to avoid total fasting. Usually, such diets are prepared as formula diets; therefore, it is very likely that they do not contain all required micronutrients and lead to an intake of too much simple sugars.…”

Section: Lifestyle Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The weight loss resulting from such a diet is two to three times greater than with conventional diets (low-caloric/low-fat diets) [42]. Patients with a BMI above 30 kg/m² or above 27 kg/m² plus associated conditions may benefit from such a diet [41]. Short-term results are for example an improvement in arterial hypertension and insulin sensitivity [43].…”

Section: Lifestyle Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weight Management in Primary Care

Maurer¹

2016

Visc Med

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Background: Obesity is one of the greatest public health challenges worldwide. It is not only a medical but also a philosophical, ecological, economic, sociocultural, and psychological problem as well as a severe consequence of our modern value definition to ‘receive more and more'. Therefore, physicians are not able to treat obesity broadly and should not be used as tools to achieve certain weight goals. Methods: This article presents an outline of conservative obesity therapy. Using the key words ‘obesity', ‘diet', and ‘exercise', a search was conducted in the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases for the period from 1995 to 2015. Results/Conclusion: The goal of obesity therapy is primarily the reduction of abdominal fat distribution. Only after achieving this main objective, weight loss reduction can be included by changes in eating and activity habits as well as further lifestyle modifications supplemented by weight-reducing medical, invasive, and/or surgical therapy measures in order to reduce obesity-associated comorbidities and to improve quality of life. A reduction of fat intake while avoiding unsaturated fatty acids, an optimization especially of the quality of carbohydrate and protein intake, an increase in physical activity (about 30-60 min per day) with individual adaption, and a personal, ongoing therapeutic leadership is necessary to reach the main goal, i.e. losing 5-15% of the initial weight.

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Dieting and the Development of Eating Disorders in Overweight and Obese Adults

Billington²,

et al. 2000

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We reviewed articles evaluating the relations among dieting, weight loss treatment, weight cycling, eating disorders, and psychological functioning in overweight and obese adults. Moderate caloric (energy) restriction, in combination with behavioral weight loss treatment, does not seem to cause clinically significant binge eating in overweight adults without preexisting binge eating problems and might ameliorate binge eating, at least in the short term, in those reporting recurrent binge eating before treatment. Most studies of behavioral weight loss interventions report improvements in psychological status during weight loss. However, these improvements might return to baseline with weight regain. Weight cycling does not seem to be associated with clinically significant psychopathologic conditions, although results of cross-sectional studies show an association between weight cycling and binge eating, as well as poorer perceived health status. "Nondieting" approaches seem to lead to improvements in mood and self-esteem; however, weight loss is generally minimal. Concerns that dieting induces eating disorders or other psychological dysfunction in overweight and obese adults are generally not supported by empirical studies. Such concerns should not preclude attempts to reduce caloric intake and increase physical activity to achieve modest weight loss or prevent additional weight gain.

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Very Low-Calorie Diets

Cited by 188 publications

References 84 publications

Approaches to obesity management

Approaches to obesity management

Weight Management in Primary Care

Dieting and the Development of Eating Disorders in Overweight and Obese Adults

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