Very-long-chain ω-3 fatty acid supplements and adipose tissue functions: a randomized controlled trial

Hames, Kazanna C.; Morgan‐Bathke, Maria; Harteneck, Debra A.; Zhou, Lendia; Port, John D.; Lanza, Ian R.; Jensen, Michael D.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.148114

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…These results were consistent with some of the previous studies in mice from our laboratory [33,62] and by others [50]. They are also in agreement with some human studies [63,64], showing no effect of omega-3 PUFA on WAT macrophage content [33,62]. On the other hand, the reduction of WAT macrophage content by omega-3 PUFA was also observed before, both in dietary obese mice [33,34,65,66] and human subjects with insulin resistance [67].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Reduced Number of Adipose Lineage and Endothelial Cells in Epididymal fat in Response to Omega-3 PUFA in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet

et al. 2018

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We found previously that white adipose tissue (WAT) hyperplasia in obese mice was limited by dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA). Here we aimed to characterize the underlying mechanism. C57BL/6N mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented or not with omega-3 PUFA for one week or eight weeks; mice fed a standard chow diet were also used. In epididymal WAT (eWAT), DNA content was quantified, immunohistochemical analysis was used to reveal the size of adipocytes and macrophage content, and lipidomic analysis and a gene expression screen were performed to assess inflammatory status. The stromal-vascular fraction of eWAT, which contained most of the eWAT cells, except for adipocytes, was characterized using flow cytometry. Omega-3 PUFA supplementation limited the high-fat diet-induced increase in eWAT weight, cell number (DNA content), inflammation, and adipocyte growth. eWAT hyperplasia was compromised due to the limited increase in the number of preadipocytes and a decrease in the number of endothelial cells. The number of leukocytes and macrophages was unaffected, but a shift in macrophage polarization towards a less inflammatory phenotype was observed. Our results document that the counteraction of eWAT hyperplasia by omega-3 PUFA in dietary-obese mice reflects an effect on the number of adipose lineage and endothelial cells.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Reduced Number of Adipose Lineage and Endothelial Cells in Epididymal fat in Response to Omega-3 PUFA in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet

et al. 2018

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“…Inflammation parameters were assessed in the use of long chain n-3 fatty acids supplementation for six months (4.2 g/day). Plasmatic fatty acids levels increased significantly, but not enough to alter IR and lipolysis, as levels of basal IC palmitate, macrophage, glucose, and insulin did not differ from the placebo group [ 180 ].…”

Section: Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Novel Dietary Supplements and Food Ingredients in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

et al. 2018

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by interconnected factors related to metabolic disturbances, and is directly related to the occurrence of some diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. MetS is described as one or both of insulin resistance and visceral adiposity, considered the initial causes of abnormalities that include hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, elevated inflammatory markers, and prothrombotic state, as well as polycystic ovarian syndrome in women. Other than in MetS, visceral adiposity and the pro-inflammatory state are also key in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the most prevalent chronic liver disease in modern society. Both MetS and NAFLD are related to diet and lifestyle, and their treatment may be influenced by dietary pattern changes and the use of certain dietary supplements. This study aimed to review the role of food ingredients and supplements in the management of MetS and NAFLD specifically in human clinical trials. Moreover, bioactive compounds and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may be used as strategies for preventing the onset of and treatment of metabolic disorders, such as MetS and NAFLD, improving the inflammatory state and other comorbidities, such as obesity, dyslipidemias, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

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“…Interestingly, these effects are similar to those reported in the HFD-fed Fat-1 mouse, which is capable of synthesizing LC n -3 PUFA de novo [ 183 ]. In randomized controlled human interventions, n -3 PUFA supplementation has been shown to reduce the formation of CLS observed in abdominal AT biopsies, which was associated with reduced circulating MCP-1 levels [ 184 ]; whereas macrophage number and CLS abundance in subcutaneous abdominal AT biopsies were unaffected by n -3 PUFA supplementation [ 185 ], thereby highlighting the differential effects between subcutaneous and visceral AT depots.…”

Section: Obese Adipose Tissue Immune Cells and Modulation By mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Immunomodulatory Mechanisms through which Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Attenuate Obese Adipose Tissue Dysfunction

et al. 2017

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Obesity is a global health concern with rising prevalence that increases the risk of developing other chronic diseases. A causal link connecting overnutrition, the development of obesity and obesity-associated co-morbidities is visceral adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, characterized by changes in the cellularity of various immune cell populations, altered production of inflammatory adipokines that sustain a chronic state of low-grade inflammation and, ultimately, dysregulated AT metabolic function. Therefore, dietary intervention strategies aimed to halt the progression of obese AT dysfunction through any of the aforementioned processes represent an important active area of research. In this connection, fish oil-derived dietary long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the form of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been demonstrated to attenuate obese AT dysfunction through multiple mechanisms, ultimately affecting AT immune cellularity and function, adipokine production, and metabolic signaling pathways, all of which will be discussed herein.

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Very-long-chain ω-3 fatty acid supplements and adipose tissue functions: a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 30 publications

References 51 publications

Reduced Number of Adipose Lineage and Endothelial Cells in Epididymal fat in Response to Omega-3 PUFA in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet

Reduced Number of Adipose Lineage and Endothelial Cells in Epididymal fat in Response to Omega-3 PUFA in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet

An Overview of Novel Dietary Supplements and Food Ingredients in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Integrated Immunomodulatory Mechanisms through which Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Attenuate Obese Adipose Tissue Dysfunction

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