Very long chain fatty acid-containing lipids: a decade of novel insights from the study of ELOVL4

Yeboah, Gyening Kofi; Lobanova, Ekaterina S.; Brush, Richard S.; Agbaga, Martin-Paul

doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100030

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 176 publications

(264 reference statements)

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“…Male Elovl2 −/− mice, as expected, also displayed arrested spermatogenesis and infertility, which supports the idea that PUFAs with 24-30 carbons of the ω-6 family are required for normal sperm formation and male fertility. Although both FADS2 and ELOVL2 are involved in the formation of FAs, male sterility in Elovl2 −/− mice could not be restored by diet, in contrast to Fads2 −/− mice [222,223].…”

Section: Lipid Metabolism-related Knockout Mice Modelmentioning

confidence: 78%

Sperm Lipid Markers of Male Fertility in Mammals

Shan

Hirschfeld

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Sperm plasma membrane lipids are essential for the function and integrity of mammalian spermatozoa. Various lipid types are involved in each key step within the fertilization process in their own yet coordinated way. The balance between lipid metabolism is tightly regulated to ensure physiological cellular processes, especially referring to crucial steps such as sperm motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction or fusion. At the same time, it has been shown that male reproductive function depends on the homeostasis of sperm lipids. Here, we review the effects of phospholipid, neutral lipid and glycolipid homeostasis on sperm fertilization function and male fertility in mammals.

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Section: Lipid Metabolism-related Knockout Mice Modelmentioning

confidence: 78%

Sperm Lipid Markers of Male Fertility in Mammals

Shan

Hirschfeld

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Such a profound increase in fatty acid chain length was not observed for cerebellar phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) nor for any lipid class from liver. These ultra-long chain fatty acids (ULCFA) can only be synthesized by the elongase of very long chain fatty acids (ELOVL) ELOVL4, which shows highest expression in the retina and cerebellum but is not found in the liver [ 145 ]. On the contrary, ether phospholipid classes (PC[O], PE[O]) were in general decreased in the cerebellum but not in the liver and did not exhibit the shift in chain length observed for the PC.…”

Section: Disorders Of Peroxisome Dynamics and Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fission Impossible (?)—New Insights into Disorders of Peroxisome Dynamics

Carmichael

Islinger

Schrader

2022

Cells

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Peroxisomes are highly dynamic and responsive organelles, which can adjust their morphology, number, intracellular position, and metabolic functions according to cellular needs. Peroxisome multiplication in mammalian cells involves the concerted action of the membrane-shaping protein PEX11β and division proteins, such as the membrane adaptors FIS1 and MFF, which recruit the fission GTPase DRP1 to the peroxisomal membrane. The latter proteins are also involved in mitochondrial division. Patients with loss of DRP1, MFF or PEX11β function have been identified, showing abnormalities in peroxisomal (and, for the shared proteins, mitochondrial) dynamics as well as developmental and neurological defects, whereas the metabolic functions of the organelles are often unaffected. Here, we provide a timely update on peroxisomal membrane dynamics with a particular focus on peroxisome formation by membrane growth and division. We address the function of PEX11β in these processes, as well as the role of peroxisome–ER contacts in lipid transfer for peroxisomal membrane expansion. Furthermore, we summarize the clinical phenotypes and pathophysiology of patients with defects in the key division proteins DRP1, MFF, and PEX11β as well as in the peroxisome–ER tether ACBD5. Potential therapeutic strategies for these rare disorders with limited treatment options are discussed.

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“…This review will focus on arachidic acid (20 : 0), behenic acid (22 : 0), and lignoceric acid (24 : 0), three VLSFAs that can be measured in the circulation. Longer VLSFAs (26--38 carbons) are primarily present in the skin, brain, and Meibomian glands [ 1 ] and not considered here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Very long-chain saturated fatty acids and diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Lemaître

King²

2021

Current Opinion in Lipidology

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Purpose of review In contrast to other saturated fatty acids, very long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLSFAs) have received limited attention The purpose of this review is to summarize the associations of VLSFAs, including arachidic acid, behenic acid, and lignoceric acid, with cardiovascular disease outcomes and type 2 diabetes; to discuss the findings implications; and to call for future studies of the VLSFAs. Recent findings Increased levels of circulating VLSFAs have been found associated with lower risks of incident heart failure, atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, mortality, sudden cardiac arrest, type 2 diabetes, and with better aging. The VLSFA associations are paralleled by associations of plasma ceramide and sphingomyelin species carrying a VLSFA with lower risks of heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and mortality, suggesting VLSFAs affect the biological activity of ceramides and sphingomyelins thereby impacting health. For diabetes, there is no such parallel and the associations of VLSFAs with diabetes may be confounded or mediated by triglyceride and circulating palmitic acid, possible biomarkers of de novo lipogenesis. Summary In many ways, the epidemiology has preceded our knowledge of VLSFAs biology. We hope this review will spur interest from the research community in further studying these potentially beneficial fatty acids.

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Very long chain fatty acid-containing lipids: a decade of novel insights from the study of ELOVL4

Cited by 44 publications

References 176 publications

Sperm Lipid Markers of Male Fertility in Mammals

Sperm Lipid Markers of Male Fertility in Mammals

Fission Impossible (?)—New Insights into Disorders of Peroxisome Dynamics

Very long-chain saturated fatty acids and diabetes and cardiovascular disease

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