“…This is connected with their numerous technological applications. For instance, RF and microwave gas discharges produced and sustained by surface modes can be useful for semiconductor processing, plasma production, pumping laser media, etc (Ferreira and Moisan 1993, Zhelyazkov and Atanasov 1995, Nonaka 1994, Moisan and Pelletier 1992. Ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) and electron cyclotron resonance heating (see, e.g., Becoulet 1996 andLaqua 1999, respectively, and also references therein) are also well known to be widely used methods for additional heating of magnetically-confined fusion plasmas.…”