Vertrauensvorschuß und wissenschaftliches Fehlhandeln — Eine reliabilistische Modellierung der Fälle Abderhalden, Goldschmidt, Moewus und Waldschmidt‐Leitz

Charpa, Ulrich; Deichmann, Ute

doi:10.1002/bewi.200401027

Cited by 6 publications

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“…In Germany, too, this research decreased after 1914. However, because Michaelis lacked institutional authority, Abderhalden could go on with defence-enzyme research undisturbed for decades (it especially flourished during the Nazi era), extending its scope to a vast area of medical applications, such as the diagnosis of infectious diseases, cancer and race; details on defenceenzyme research are also provided elsewhere [10,40,43,44]. Only from the 1960s did defence enzymes disappear from German textbooks.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Commemorating the 1913 Michaelis–Menten paper Die Kinetik der Invertinwirkung: three perspectives

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SummaryThis historical review highlights the life and research of Leonor Michaelis, the German-Jewish-American pioneer in enzyme kinetics and the physical chemistry of proteins. Based on an overview of early research on enzyme kinetics, the outstanding achievements of Michaelis and his research fellow Maud Menten (i.e. their mathematical derivation of the fundamental kinetic rate law and the corresponding affinity constant of the enzyme-substrate bond) are highlighted and discussed. The background and consequences of Michaelis's marginalization in German academia and, finally, his emi- gration from Germany (already prior to the advent of Nazism) are analysed. An examination of Michaelis's major work in the field of biological redox reactions in New York and a general assessment of Michaelis as a researcher conclude this part of the review. IntroductionOn 3 December 2011, a ceremony was organized by the Department of Biology of Humboldt University of Berlin to mark the change of name of one of its buildings from Abderhalden Haus to Leonor Michaelis Haus (Fig. 1) This decision was taken after the questionable nature of major parts of Emil Abderhalden's research had come to light (see below). The renaming of the institute after Leonor Michaelis is of dual significance: first, it is a powerful reminder of Leonor Michaelis's seminal and far-reaching research in Berlin around a century ago, which is part of the topic of this special issue; it also draws attention to the lack of acknowledgement he received while in Germany, as a consequence of which he left the country in 1922. Second, as was realized immediately by the young researchers who participated in the renaming ceremony (one of the authors of the present review, UD, participated in the event, with a lecture on Michaelis), it provides Humboldt University's Department of Biology with the role model of an outstanding, internationally renowned researcher whose work has remained fertile to this day, and also of an exceptional human being (Fig. 2).We review Michaelis's life and research, with special emphasis on his work in Berlin. Throughout his life, Michaelis successfully dealt with a variety of different topics, which included experimental embryology, the physical chemistry of proteins, immunology, and biological redox reactions. In addition, he wrote several textbooks on subjects such as embryology [1] and mathematics for biologists and medical students [2]. Here, we focus on his ground-breaking work on the physical chemistry of proteins and enzymes, which culminated in his famous mathematical derivation, together with Maud Menten, of the fundamental kinetic rate law and the corresponding affinity constant of the enzyme-substrate complex. In addition, we review Michaelis's disclosure of the fraudulent nature of Abderhalden's work and its consequences. An examination of Michaelis's major work in the field of biological redox reactions in New York and a general assessment of him as a researcher conclude this part of the review.Leonor Michaelis in Berlin: his emig...

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“…In this paper, Abderhalden's self‐betrayal and, finally, fraud was characterized as an example of a science that had developed into a pseudoscience. Clarification of the meaning of the term ‘scientific fraud’ is also provided elsewhere .…”

Section: Part 1: a Critical And Passionate Biochemist: Leonor Michaelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commemorating the 1913 Michaelis–Menten paper Die Kinetik der Invertinwirkung: three perspectives

et al. 2013

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Darwin, Schleiden, Whewell, and the “London Doctors”: Evolutionism and Microscopical Research in the Nineteenth Century

Charpa

2010

Darwinism, Philosophy, and Experimental Biology

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Mister Bixby, Monsieur Bernard, and Some Other 19th Century Scientist–Philosophers on Knowledge-Based Actions

Charpa

2006

J Gen Philos Sci

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Vertrauensvorschuß und wissenschaftliches Fehlhandeln — Eine reliabilistische Modellierung der Fälle Abderhalden, Goldschmidt, Moewus und Waldschmidt‐Leitz

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Commemorating the 1913 Michaelis–Menten paper Die Kinetik der Invertinwirkung: three perspectives

Commemorating the 1913 Michaelis–Menten paper Die Kinetik der Invertinwirkung: three perspectives

Darwin, Schleiden, Whewell, and the “London Doctors”: Evolutionism and Microscopical Research in the Nineteenth Century

Mister Bixby, Monsieur Bernard, and Some Other 19th Century Scientist–Philosophers on Knowledge-Based Actions

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