Vertically aligned graphene prepared by the electrochemical anodization of graphite foil for supercapacitor electrodes

Tin Oxide/Vertically Aligned Graphene Hybrid Electrodes Prepared by Sonication-Assisted Sequential Chemical Bath Deposition for High-Performance Supercapacitors

“…Figure shows the XPS survey spectrum and the O 1s and Sn 3d spectra of SnO 2 @VAG-15. The XPS survey spectrum shows a Sn peak, and its oxygen content is approximately 62.34%, which is much higher than that of the VAG electrode (Figure a) . The oxygen content in the XPS survey spectrum is not consistent with the EDS result; as X-rays can penetrate only up to a nanometer depth during the analysis process, it was measured mainly on SnO 2 and part of the VAG surface.…”

“…The VAG electrode was fabricated by electrochemical anodization using GF, as reported previously . GF electrodes were produced, in which two pieces of rectangular GF [3 mm × 20 mm ( w × h )] were adhered using carbon tape, and the other sides that were not anodized were insulated using Kapton tape.…”

“…The VAG electrode was fabricated by electrochemical anodization using GF, as reported previously. 22 GF electrodes were produced, in which two pieces of rectangular GF [3 mm × 20 mm ( w × h )] were adhered using carbon tape, and the other sides that were not anodized were insulated using Kapton tape. VAG electrodes were synthesized using a two-electrode anodization system using the GF electrode and Pt foil [1 cm × 1.2 cm × 0.02 cm ( w × h × t )] as the anode and the cathode, respectively.…”

“…In our previous study, we demonstrated the outstanding electrochemical performance of an EDLC with vertically aligned graphene (VAG) as an electrode. The VAG electrode, which comprises graphene sheets aligned perpendicular to the electrode surface, has a higher energy density and a larger SSA than other graphene electrodes owing to its unique 3D structure . This 3D structure helps prevent restacking of the adjacent graphene sheets and promotes smooth ion transfer, resulting in a drastic increase in the SSA and energy density .…”

“…The VAG electrode, which comprises graphene sheets aligned perpendicular to the electrode surface, has a higher energy density and a larger SSA than other graphene electrodes owing to its unique 3D structure. 22 This 3D structure helps prevent restacking of the adjacent graphene sheets and promotes smooth ion transfer, resulting in a drastic increase in the SSA and energy density. 23 Therefore, in this study, a hybrid electrode was fabricated to attach MO particles onto the VAG surface to maximize the energy density growth.…”