Vertical transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus between generations of adapted reservoir small rodents

Бахвалова, В. Н.; Potapova, O. F.; Panov, Victor V.; Морозова, О. В.

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2008.12.001

Cited by 49 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Likewise, the north slope of this mountain range marks the northernmost distribution of the likely reservoir species in Kyrgyzstan, A. pallipes mice. Our analysis of cytochrome b DNA sequences from these mice in Kyrgyzstan supports the hypothesis that they are recent, Late Pleistocene or Holocene epoch (<15,000 (11) and nonviremic transmission of TBEV through ixodid ticks (12). Finding TBEV-infected ticks active at these altitudes is probably not the result of climate change.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus, Kyrgyzstan

Briggs¹

2011

Emerg. Infect. Dis

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus, Kyrgyzstan

Briggs¹

2011

Emerg. Infect. Dis

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“…an infected arthropod, although other transmission mechanisms have also been documented [5][6][7]. The specific mechanisms of pathogenicity for WNV, JEV, and TBEV in humans are largely unknown, but are likely to have both overlapping and distinct features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of neurotropic flaviviruses

Bardina

Lim

2012

Immunol Res

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Neurotropic flaviviruses are important emerging and reemerging arthropod-borne pathogens that cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans and other vertebrates worldwide. Upon entry and infection of the CNS, these viruses can induce a rapid inflammatory response characterized by the infiltration of leukocytes into the brain parenchyma. Chemokines and their receptors are involved in coordinating complex leukocyte trafficking patterns that regulate viral pathogenesis in vivo. In this review, we will summarize the current literature on the role of chemokines in regulating the pathogenesis of West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis virus infections in mouse models and humans. Understanding how viral infections trigger chemokines, the key cellular events that occur during the infection process, as well as the immunopathogenic role of these cells, are critical areas of research that may ultimately guide a much needed effort toward developing specific immunomodulators and/or antiviral therapeutics.

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“…Probably, the number of FE-TBEV strains present was too small to form a stable viral population and there was competition from endemic S-TBEV strains. Evidence for the long-term persistence of TBEV in populations of small rodents without ticks was provided by the vertical transmission of TBEV between generations of these animals (Bakhvalova et al, 2006(Bakhvalova et al, , 2009. Comparable data are missing for large mammals and birds.…”

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confidence: 99%

Distribution of Far-Eastern tick-borne encephalitis virus subtype strains in the former Soviet Union

Kovalev

Kokorev

Belyaeva

2010

Journal of General Virology

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European and Asian viruses within the tick-borne encephalitis flavivirus complex are known to show temporal, spatial and phylogenetic relationships that imply a clinal pattern of evolution. However, the isolation of recognized Far-Eastern tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) strains in the European region of the former Soviet Union (SU), i.e. thousands of kilometres west of the region in which they are considered endemic, appears to contradict this concept. Here, we present a parsimonious explanation for this apparent anomaly based on analysis of the dates and regions in which these non-endemic strains were isolated, together with their phylogenetic relationships and the records of redistribution of animals under the All-Union programme for acclimatization of game animals within the former SU. Our evidence supports the concept that the anomalous distribution of Far-Eastern TBEV strains in Europe and Siberia arose primarily as the result of the large-scale westward redistribution of game animals for economic purposes.Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), belonging to the tickborne flavivirus group, genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, is a prototype representative of the seroviruses group of the same name, which were discovered in 1937 in the Russian Far East. TBEV is the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis in humans, usually after the bite of an infected tick. Two types of host are required for TBEV circulation in nature. The first is the tick as the reservoir and carrier of TBEV and the second the vertebrate animal whose blood is the nutrient source for ticks and also the way in which the virus is transmitted from infected to non-infected ticks by their feeding on the same animal (Labuda et al., 1993). Ixodes ricinus L. and Ixodes persulcatus Schulze are the two main TBEV vectors. Small mammals are the principal hosts for pre-imaginal ticks, whereas mature ticks feed on large mammals such as lagomorphs, predators, hoofed animals and birds (Pavlovsky, 1947;Filippova, 1985). All these animals are natural reservoirs of TBEV in the infection hot spots.According to phylogenetic analysis, there are three TBEV subtypes: Far-Eastern (FE-TBEV) and Siberian (S-TBEV), which are both transmitted by I. persulcatus, and European (Eu-TBEV), which is transmitted by I. ricinus. Each TBEV subtype has specific nucleotide substitutions in the protein E gene and their classification is based on this characteristic (Ecker et al., 1999). Strains belonging to the different TBEV subtypes have their own geographical distributions. Specifically, Eu-TBEV is endemic in Europe and includes strains collected in Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Byelorussia (Belarus) and the European part of Russia (Ecker et al., 1999;Lundkvist et al., 2001;Haglund et al., 2003), FE-TBEV is distributed mainly in the Russian Far East, the eastern part of North China and northern Japan. S-TBEV is commonest in eastern and western Siberia, in the Ural region, the European pa...

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Vertical transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus between generations of adapted reservoir small rodents

Cited by 49 publications

References 17 publications

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus, Kyrgyzstan

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus, Kyrgyzstan

The role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of neurotropic flaviviruses

Distribution of Far-Eastern tick-borne encephalitis virus subtype strains in the former Soviet Union

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