Vertical Transmission of Hiv in 15-Week Fetus

Sprecher, S; Soumenkoff, G.; Puissant, Françoise; Degueldre, Michel

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)92110-0

Cited by 218 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…2,[22][23][24][25] HIV antigens and genome have been detected in trophoblast, Hofbauer cells, and endothelial cells in the placenta as early as 8-week gestation. 26 These cases of prenatal transmission are probably transplacental but could occur via an ascending route, that is, chorioamnionitis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Chorioamnionitis is associated with placental transmission of human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtype E in the early gestational period

et al. 2005

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The frequency and the cellular basis for HIV-1 transmission from mother to child in the early gestational period are poorly understood. We compared the placentas of 24 women seropositive for HIV-1 subtype E and who had not received any antiretroviral drugs, to placentas of 25 seronegative women. All placentas were obtained during therapeutic abortion at 6-23 weeks gestation. Placentas and fetal organs were examined by routine light microscopy, immunostaining for p24 capsid protein, and in situ PCR to localize which cells were infected with HIV-1 subtype E. The number of previous abortions was not a factor in placental HIV infection since this number was higher in seronegative women (Po0.01). There were no significant differences between the placentas of the two groups with respect to presence of chorioamnionitis, villitis, villous stromal fibrosis, infarction, abnormal villous maturation, deciduitis or decidual necrosis. HIV-1 subtype E was detected in up to 83% of placentas, either by immunostaining or in situ PCR, in trophoblast, villous stromal cells, Hofbauer cells, decidual and decidual glandular epithelium. Fetal organs were positive for HIV in 30% (6/20) of cases. There was a significant association between transmission of HIV to the fetus and the histologic findings of chorioamnionitis, plasmacellular deciduitis and decidual cell necrosis. This is the first report showing an association of chorioamnionitis with early in utero transmission of HIV-1 subtype E. This may help explain the cases of in utero transmission that persist despite antiretroviral prophylaxis, given that therapy is started in the late gestational period.

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confidence: 99%

Chorioamnionitis is associated with placental transmission of human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtype E in the early gestational period

et al. 2005

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“…Thus, the expression of HIV-1 and its consequences are complex and dependent on important maternal- Mother to child transmission is an important mode of spread for HIV-1. From an infected mother, the virus may be transmitted to her child in utero across the placenta (1)(2)(3)(4)(5), intrapartum during delivery (6)(7)(8), or postpartum during breastfeeding (9)(10)(11)(12). Studies have shown that 13 to 40% of infants born to mothers infected with HIV-1 develop clinical or serologic evidence of infection within the first few months or years of life (4,7,(13)(14)(15).…”

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Maternal-Fetal Interactions Affect Growth of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transgenic Mice

et al. 1995

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“…Nonetheless, several hypotheses have been developed. There may be a direct effect of HIV on the placenta and/or on embriogenesis: HIV has been identified in fetuses during the first weeks of pregnancy, suggesting that it can be transmitted across the placenta early in gestation [69,70]. The presence of HIV-infected monocyte/macrophages in the endometrial mucosa has also been demonstrated [71].…”

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confidence: 99%

Possible Changes in Maternal Plasma Cortisol, AdrenocorticotropicHormones, Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A and Alpha-fetoproteinin HIV Pregnant Women at NAUTH Nnewi, Nigeria

Ukibe¹,

Onyenekwe²,

Anojulu³

et al. 2015

J Bioanal Biomed

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Background: There is limited information on if HIV infection induces stress in pregnancy. HIV can possibly contribute to the alterations in some fetal viability hormones thereby lead to adverse pregnancy outcome. The present study aimed to assess the possible changes in maternal cortisol, Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), Pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) hormone concentrations in HIV-infected pregnant women and their pregnancy outcomes. Methods:A cross sectional study of 80 (Eighty) volunteer pregnant women aged (18-49) years recruited during routine antenatal clinics in Nnamdi Azikiwe Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria was conducted. The participants were divided into groups: 40 (forty) apparently healthy pregnant and 40 (forty) HIV-infected pregnant women. 5 ml of morning blood samples were collected from each subject in their 1 st and 2 nd trimesters for estimation of Cortisol, ACTH, AFP and PAPP-A using ELISA method. Results:The result showed that the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures (mmHg) of HIV pregnant women were significantly higher than control (p<0.05 respectively). The mean value of cortisol (ng/ml) in HIV pregnant women was significantly higher when compared with control subjects (p<0.05). Cortisol showed inverse significant correlation with AFP in HIV-infected pregnant women. Maternal outcomes showed thatt HIV-infected pregnant women had significantly higher incidence of miscarriages and preeclampsia with higher incidence of perinatal outcomes such as low birth weight babies (LBW), preterm delivery, spontaneous abortion, still birth and low Apgar scores when compared with apparently normal pregnant women (P<0.05 respectively).Conclusion: the significantly higher cortisol level and BP in HIV pregnant women is indicative of oxidative stress due to perceived stress by HIV infection which might predispose the affected women to hypertension and preeclampsia. The highest adverse reactions observed in HIV pregnant women might be related to the damaged immune system by HIV infection however, the placental defect associated with increased placental permeability to AFP and the activity of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is not related to the activity of stress thereby do not influence their birth outcomes.

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Vertical Transmission of Hiv in 15-Week Fetus

Cited by 218 publications

References 5 publications

Chorioamnionitis is associated with placental transmission of human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtype E in the early gestational period

Chorioamnionitis is associated with placental transmission of human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtype E in the early gestational period

Maternal-Fetal Interactions Affect Growth of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transgenic Mice

Possible Changes in Maternal Plasma Cortisol, AdrenocorticotropicHormones, Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A and Alpha-fetoproteinin HIV Pregnant Women at NAUTH Nnewi, Nigeria

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