Vertical transmission of HIV: a prospective study.

Mok, Jacqueline; Hague, R. A.; Yap, Peng Lee; Hargreaves, F. D.; Inglis, J.M.; Whitelaw, J; Steel, Cathy; Eden, O. B.; Rebus, Selma; Peutherer, J F

doi:10.1136/adc.64.8.1140

Cited by 51 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…HIV-speciflc CTL activity CTL activity against HlV-gag, tat, pal and env is shown in Figs I and 2 for HIV-infected (nos 1-9) and uninfected (nos [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] children, respectively. Results are presented as the per cent specific lysis net of medium and vaccinia controls, with values greater than 10% above controls being regarded as positive.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and CD8 subpopulations in children at risk of HIV infection

Aldhous

Watret²,

Mok

et al. 1994

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYHIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are thought to play a major role in viral control in HIV-infected adults. Changes in the relative proportions of CDS lymphocyte subpopulations are also thought to be associated with disease progression. Less is known about the relative effectiveness of CTL against different HIV targets, or about the relationship, if any. between CTL activity and CDS subpopuiations. We have measured CTL activity against four HIV gene products (gag. tat. pal and en\) and expression of CD45RO, CD45RA. HLA-DR, CD29. S6F1, and CD57 surface markers on CDS cells from nine HIV-infected and 11 HIV-uninfected children. Of nine HIV-infected children, six showed antigen-specific CTL activity on at least one occasion: 4/6 directed against tat, 6/6 against pol, 1/6 against env, and 1/6 against gag. However, the specificity of the CTL activity varied between children and within individual children with time. Furthermore, two uninfected children showed CTL activity, one to HW-gag. -pot and -tat. and the other to HW-pot. All the HIV-infected and two uninfected children had abnormal proportions of CDS subpopulations in whole blood compared with age-matched controls. There was no correlation between CTL activity and CDS subsets in whole blood. Five children changed from CTL-positive to CTL-negative (or vice versa) during the study. In these, the occasions when CTL activity was detected coincided with an increase in CDS cells, an expansion of HLA-DR^ CD8 cells and a loss of CD45RA ' CDS cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and CD8 subpopulations in children at risk of HIV infection

Aldhous

Watret²,

Mok

et al. 1994

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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“…The percentage of vertical transmission varies with geographic regions. A low transmission rate of 14.4% was reported in the European Collaborative study (6), whereas a higher transmission rate of 34-39% was documented from studies on the African continent (7). Studies in the U.S. determined an average transmission rate of 30% (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Pediatric Hiv-1 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Diagnosis and prediction of pediatric HIV‐1 infection and AIDS: Current status

Ugen

Feldt

Weiner

et al. 1994

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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The increase in the incidence of HIV-1 infection in women of child bearing age has resulted in a surge in the number of cases of pediatric AIDS. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that the number of cases of pediatric AIDS worldwide will be at least 10 million by the year 2000. This alarming statistic underscores the need for accurate prediction and diagnosis of pediatric HIV-1 infection which is of paramount importance for the initiation of effective therapeutic interventions. Since circulating maternal anti-HIV-1 antibody persists in the baby for up to 21 months, early conventional serological diagnosis of infection is not possible. Other methods for diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in a child less than 2 years of age have been utilized including the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), measurements of the HIV-1 p24 core protein and anti-HIV-1 IgA, as well in vitro measurements of antibody producing cells. In addition, the ability to predict HIV-1 infection in the child based upon maternal humoral immune responses to the envelope glycoprotein has also been suggested. This review summarizes the recent serological, biological and molecular methodologies used to predict and diagnose pediatric HIV-1 infection and AIDS.

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“…Group D (patients no. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] consisted of asymptomatic children who did not seem to be l-HV-infected according to their test results. In accordance with their age, five of the patients in Group D (patients no.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated polymerase chain reaction complementary to other conventional methods for early detection of HIV infection in infants born to HIV-infected mothers

Rudin

Senn

Berger

et al. 1991

Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.

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The efficacy of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for early detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in infants at risk for HIV infection was assessed. The PCR method was added to the routine laboratory test programme in these patients in 1988. PCR was performed in a total of 26 children at risk (age range 2 days to 58 months), including 17 infants born to HIV-infected mothers, who were followed up clinically from the time of birth for a mean period of 23 months (range 6 to 54) in a prospective study. Twelve children were PCR-positive. Eight had AIDS, ARC or symptoms suggestive of HIV infection. All these patients had at least one culture positive for HIV (6/8) and/or one positive serum p24-antigen test (5/8). One child was repeatedly PCR positive, but asymptomatic as well as virus- and antigen-negative. Three asymptomatic children with a single positive PCR result were PCR negative in subsequent tests. Fourteen children with negative PCR did not show clinical or immunological signs suggestive of HIV infection. Their cultures for HIV and antigen-p24 assays were negative. It is concluded that in addition to clinical and immunological parameters PCR is a useful technique for diagnosis of HIV infection in infants born to HIV-infected mothers. However, in case of negative HIV cultures and/or serum p24-antigen tests, single positive PCR results in asymptomatic patients must be interpreted with caution and should be confirmed by repeated tests.

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Vertical transmission of HIV: a prospective study.

Cited by 51 publications

References 16 publications

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and CD8 subpopulations in children at risk of HIV infection

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and CD8 subpopulations in children at risk of HIV infection

Diagnosis and prediction of pediatric HIV‐1 infection and AIDS: Current status

Repeated polymerase chain reaction complementary to other conventional methods for early detection of HIV infection in infants born to HIV-infected mothers

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