Vertical transmission and humoral immune response following maternal infection with SARS-CoV-2

Massalha, Manal; Yefet, Enav; Rozenberg, Orit; Soltsman, Sofia; Hasanein, Jamal; Smolkin, Tatiana; Alter, Adi; Perlitz, Yuri; Nachum, Zohar

doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2021.11.275

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…A previous study showed that pregnant and lactating women have distinct immune responses to immunization and natural infection 13 . A prospective study that examined levels of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgM and IgG following infection in pregnancy showed that after COVID-19 infection, the highest rates of positive maternal serology tests were at 8 to 12 weeks post-infection 14 . The relatively lower rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG levels in our third trimester infected cohort was probably due to late infection in the third trimester and a mild COVID-19 infection, which is linked to relatively lower levels of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG 12 .…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and Cord Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike IgG following COVID-19 Vaccination versus Infection during Pregnancy: A Prospective Study, Israel October 2021–March 2022

Abu Shqara,

Frank Wolf,

Mikhail Mustafa

et al. 2023

Am J Perinatol

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Objectives: Defining how pregnant women respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination is critical to optimize vaccination strategies that protect mother and infant at the epidemic. This study aimed to compare Anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike IgG of vaccinated vs. infected women and to determine the optimal timing of maternal vaccination during pregnancy at the time of epidemic. Study design: We collected maternal/cord blood at delivery (October 2021-March 2022) and measured Anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike-IgG geometric mean concentrations (IgG-GMC), using a quantitative immunoassay. We compared groups according to timing and number of doses and correlated maternal and fetal IgG levels. We described the proportion of women with IgG-levels above the 150 AU/ml positivity threshold according to the timing of infection/vaccination and performed a sub-analysis for maternal IgG-GMC levels pre and during the Omicron wave. Results: We included 238 vaccinated women, 125 who received two doses and 113 three; and 48 unvaccinated infected women. All groups infected/vaccinated in the second or third-trimester had an IgG-GMC above the positivity threshold. Third-trimester vaccination (second/third dose) resulted in higher maternal and cord-blood IgG-GMC compared to the second-trimester (maternal-IgG:10232 vs. 4325 AU/mL,p<0.001; cord-IgG:12113 vs. 8112 AU/mL,p<0.001). Compared with infected-only women, a higher proportion of vaccinated-women with >two doses and their newborns had IgG-levels above the positivity threshold at all time points. In vaccinated-women, there were higher maternal IgG-GMC levels during the Omicron wave than pre-Omicron. Conclusions: At the time of epidemic, receiving an additional COVID-19 vaccine dose in the third-trimester resulted in a higher IgG-GMC compared to the second-trimester. Relatively higher levels of maternal and cord IgG-GMC were achieved following vaccination than infection. Women infected during or before the first-trimester might benefit from an additional third-trimester dose to prevent peripartum infection and to passively immunize their newborn. The higher levels of maternal IgG-GMC in the Omicron period are suggestive of hybrid immunity.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%