Vertical transmission and humoral immune response following maternal infection with SARS-CoV-2: a prospective multicenter cohort study

Massalha, Manal; Yefet, Enav; Rozenberg, Orit; Soltsman, Sofia; Hasanein, Jamal; Smolkin, Tatiana; Alter, Adi; Perlitz, Yuri; Nachum, Zohar

doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2022.04.001

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, several studies have found other routes of transmission such as vertical transmission (via amniocentesis, cord blood, placenta, etc. ), fecal‐oral route, and fecal‐aerosol 45,59,127 . There have also been quite a few studies that suggested otherwise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comprehensive overview on the transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of SARS‐CoV‐2

Zhang

Clarke

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a single positivestrand RNA virus that is responsible for the current pandemic that the world has been facing since 2019. The primary route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is through respiratory tract transmission. However, other transmission routes such as fecal-oral, vertical transmission, and aerosol-eye also exist. In addition, it has been found that the pathogenesis of this virus involves the binding of the virus's S protein to its host cell surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which results in the subsequent membrane fusion that is required for SARS-CoV-2 to replicate and complete its entire life. The clinical symptoms of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 can range from asymptomatic to severe. The most common symptoms seen include fever, dry cough, and fatigue. Once these symptoms are observed, a nucleic acid test is done using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. This currently serves as the main confirmatory tool for COVID-19. Despite the fact that no cure has been found for SARS-CoV-2, prevention methods such as vaccines, specific facial mask, and social distancing have proven to be quite effective. It is imperative to have a complete understanding of the transmission and pathogenesis of this virus. To effectively develop new drugs as well as diagnostic tools, more knowledge about this virus would be needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), fecal-oral route, and fecal-aerosol. 45,59,127 There have also been quite a few studies that suggested otherwise. Once the SARS-CoV-2 virus has entered the human body it binds to a particular host surface cell which will eventually aid the virus in its replication process and subsequent life cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive overview on the transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of SARS‐CoV‐2

Zhang

Clarke

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…13 A prospective study that examined levels of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgM and IgG following infection in pregnancy showed that after COVID-19 infection, the highest rates of positive maternal serology tests were at 8 to 12 weeks postinfection. 14 The relatively lower rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG levels in our third-trimester-infected cohort was probably due to late infection in the third trimester and a mild COVID-19 infection, which is linked to relatively lower levels of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG. Yousefi et al 15 have shown that following SARS-COV-2 infection, antibodies can be detected at high levels up to 3 months postinfection and then decrease significantly over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and Cord Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike IgG following COVID-19 Vaccination versus Infection during Pregnancy: A Prospective Study, Israel October 2021–March 2022

Abu Shqara,

Frank Wolf,

Mikhail Mustafa

et al. 2023

Am J Perinatol

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Objectives: Defining how pregnant women respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination is critical to optimize vaccination strategies that protect mother and infant at the epidemic. This study aimed to compare Anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike IgG of vaccinated vs. infected women and to determine the optimal timing of maternal vaccination during pregnancy at the time of epidemic. Study design: We collected maternal/cord blood at delivery (October 2021-March 2022) and measured Anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike-IgG geometric mean concentrations (IgG-GMC), using a quantitative immunoassay. We compared groups according to timing and number of doses and correlated maternal and fetal IgG levels. We described the proportion of women with IgG-levels above the 150 AU/ml positivity threshold according to the timing of infection/vaccination and performed a sub-analysis for maternal IgG-GMC levels pre and during the Omicron wave. Results: We included 238 vaccinated women, 125 who received two doses and 113 three; and 48 unvaccinated infected women. All groups infected/vaccinated in the second or third-trimester had an IgG-GMC above the positivity threshold. Third-trimester vaccination (second/third dose) resulted in higher maternal and cord-blood IgG-GMC compared to the second-trimester (maternal-IgG:10232 vs. 4325 AU/mL,p<0.001; cord-IgG:12113 vs. 8112 AU/mL,p<0.001). Compared with infected-only women, a higher proportion of vaccinated-women with >two doses and their newborns had IgG-levels above the positivity threshold at all time points. In vaccinated-women, there were higher maternal IgG-GMC levels during the Omicron wave than pre-Omicron. Conclusions: At the time of epidemic, receiving an additional COVID-19 vaccine dose in the third-trimester resulted in a higher IgG-GMC compared to the second-trimester. Relatively higher levels of maternal and cord IgG-GMC were achieved following vaccination than infection. Women infected during or before the first-trimester might benefit from an additional third-trimester dose to prevent peripartum infection and to passively immunize their newborn. The higher levels of maternal IgG-GMC in the Omicron period are suggestive of hybrid immunity.

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“…COVID‐19 vaccines are the safest and most effective way to offer strong protection against severe illness from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 Although the possibility of intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 is still controversial in the literature, 12 , 13 , 14 previous studies have demonstrated that pregnancy and infants with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are at increased risk for severe disease. 7 , 10 Recently, Rasmussen and Jamieson 15 infer that COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy is a “two for the price of one deal.” Inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine has been administered in more than 40 countries, 16 and is one of the most widely administered vaccine types in populations other than pregnant women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transplacental transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G antibody to infants from maternal COVID‐19 vaccine immunization before pregnancy

Yang

Xing

Zhao

2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine generates functional antibodies in maternal circulation that are detectable in infants, while the information is restricted to the usage of COVID‐19 vaccine during pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal COVID‐19 vaccines before pregnancy. Infants were included from mothers with no inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine, 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐dose before pregnancy, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were tested. Comparative analysis was done between the groups. A total of 130 infants were enrolled in the study. Significantly higher levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibodies in infants born to mothers with 3‐dose COVID‐19 vaccine before pregnancy compared with 1‐ and 2‐dose groups (p < 0.0001). The levels of antibodies decreased significantly with age in infants born to mothers with the 3‐dose COVID‐19 vaccine before pregnancy (r = −0.338, p = 0.035), and it was still higher than that 2‐dose COVID‐19 vaccine group. The maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies produced from the inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine before pregnancy can be transferred to newborns via the placenta. Maternal immunization with 3‐dose of the COVID‐19 vaccine before pregnancy could be more beneficial for both mothers and infants.

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Vertical transmission and humoral immune response following maternal infection with SARS-CoV-2: a prospective multicenter cohort study

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

A comprehensive overview on the transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of SARS‐CoV‐2

A comprehensive overview on the transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of SARS‐CoV‐2

Maternal and Cord Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike IgG following COVID-19 Vaccination versus Infection during Pregnancy: A Prospective Study, Israel October 2021–March 2022

Transplacental transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G antibody to infants from maternal COVID‐19 vaccine immunization before pregnancy

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