Vertical Structure and Dynamical Properties during Snow Events in Middle Latitudes of China from Observations by the C-band Vertically Pointing Radar

Cui, Ye; Ruan, Zheng; Wei, Ming; Li, Feng; Ge, Runsheng

doi:10.2151/jmsj.2020-028

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…For example, the precipitation cloud Z in winter in the West Tianshan Mountains is generally larger than that in Beijing (Zhang et al 2019b). The range of V during snowfall in Shou County (Cui et al 2020) is similar to that in the West Tianshan Mountains of China, indicating that the falling velocities of snow particles in the two regions are similar. The concentration area of snowfall cloud Z in winter is lower than that in East Asia (Yin et al 2013).…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…In the past, many researchers have studied the macro-and microphysical properties of rainfall clouds and non-rainfall clouds, and the conclusions of these studies help to understand clouds and precipitation. However, previous studies have mainly focused on areas with abundant rainfall (Zhang et al 2019b;Luo et al 2009;Yi 2013;Liu et al 2015;Ma et al 2018;Cui et al 2020;Yue et al 2020;Wang et al 2018;Huo et al 2020a, b;Wu et al 2020) and there have been few studies on arid areas instead. In recent years, an increasing number of studies on precipitation and non-precipitation cloud macro-and microphysical properties have been carried out in the arid regions of China, especially in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Yi 2019;Liu et al 2021;Ma et al 2018;Qiu et al 2018;Zhao et al 2016Zhao et al , 2017, but less research has been carried out in Xinjiang.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macro- and microphysical characteristics of snowfall and non-snowfall clouds in the West Tianshan Mountains of China based on cloud radar

Zhang

Zeng

et al. 2022

Meteorol Atmos Phys

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The macro- and microphysical characteristics of wintertime precipitating clouds and non-precipitating clouds over the West Tianshan Mountains, China, were analyzed with the use of Ka-band radar and weighing rain gauge observations. The data were collected from January to February 2019, December 2019, and from December 2020 to February 2021. Snowfall clouds mainly ranged from 0.15 ~ 2.50 km and had a reflectivity (Z) of mostly 10 ~ 33 dBZ. Non-snowfall clouds were primarily distributed within the height range of 2 ~ 8 km, and the Z values were within the range of − 22 ~ 15 dBZ. Compared with non-snowfall clouds, snowfall clouds have a higher particle water content (M) but a similar radial velocity (V). Light and moderate snowfall clouds were mainly located at heights of 0.15 ~ 3.50 km and had Z values concentrated from 5 ~ 24 dBZ. Heavy snowfall clouds were characterized by a Z of 5 ~ 30 dBZ below 3.5 km. The proportion of clouds with an M value > 0.1 g·m−3 below 2 km was noticeably higher for heavy snow events than for light and moderate snow events. The differences in the distributions and values of snowfall cloud V values were small among the different snow types, and descending motions occurred below 6 km, with V ranging − 1.4 ~ − 0.3 m·s−1. The heights of the non-snowfall cloud top and base during the day were lower than those at night. The snowfall cloud top did not show noticeable diurnal variations. The cloud top and base heights of the non-snowfall clouds both showed a single-peak distribution. The cloud top values of snowfall clouds exhibited bimodal distributions.

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macro- and microphysical characteristics of snowfall and non-snowfall clouds in the West Tianshan Mountains of China based on cloud radar

Zhang

Zeng

et al. 2022

Meteorol Atmos Phys

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“…To compare the impact of coherent integration under various precipitation intensities, radar observations were grouped into Z e > 20 dBZ and Z e < 10 dBZ. Note that the Ku-band wet radome attenuation has been corrected with a collocated C-band radar (Cui et al, 2020).…”

Section: Merging Of Doppler Spectra Recorded At Different Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observations from a collocated C-band frequency-modulated continuous wave radar (FMCW) radar (Cui et al, 2020) were used for a sanity check for the processed Ka-Ku-band radar data products. The C-band radar's data products include reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width.…”

Section: Comparison With a C-band Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved spectral processing for a multi-mode pulse compression Ka–Ku-band cloud radar system

Ding

Li²,

Liu³

2022

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. Cloud radars are widely used in observing clouds and precipitation. However, the raw data products of cloud radars are usually affected by multiple factors, which may lead to misinterpretation of cloud and precipitation processes. In this study, we present a Doppler-spectra-based data processing framework to improve the data quality of a multi-mode pulse-compressed Ka–Ku radar system. Firstly, non-meteorological signal close to the ground was identified with enhanced Doppler spectral ratios between different observing modes. Then, for the Doppler spectrum affected by the range sidelobe due to the implementation of the pulse compression technique, the characteristics of the probability density distribution of the spectral power were used to identify the sidelobe artifacts. Finally, the Doppler spectra observations from different modes were merged via the shift-then-average approach. The new radar moment products were generated based on the merged Doppler spectrum data. The presented spectral processing framework was applied to radar observations of a stratiform precipitation event, and the quantitative evaluation shows good performance of clutter or sidelobe suppression and spectral merging.

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Vertical Evolution of Microphysical Properties during Snow Events in Middle Latitudes of China Observed by a C-band Vertically Pointing Radar

Cui

Ruan

Wei

et al. 2021

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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This study applied the C-band vertically pointing radar with frequency-modulation continuous-wave technology to obtain the continuous observation data of four shallow and two deep snow events during the winter of 2015 -2016 in the midlatitudes of China. Generating cells (GCs) were found near the echo tops in every event. The ice particle number concentration (N ), ice water content (IWC), and median mass diameter (D m ) retrieved from radar Doppler spectra were used to analyze the microphysical properties in the snow clouds. The clouds were divided into upper GC and lower stratiform (St) regions according to their vertical structure. The fall streaks (FSs) associated with GCs were embedded in the St regions. In the GC regions, the N values in shallow events were smaller compared with those in deep events, and D m and IWC were larger. In the St regions, N decreased compared with that in the GC regions, and D m and IWC increased, implying the existence of aggregation and deposition growth. The growth of particle size and mass mainly occurred in the St regions. The increases of N were usually observed near −5°C accompanied by bimodal Doppler spectra, which might be caused by ice multiplication. The average ratios of the median N, D m , and IWC inside GCs to those outside GCs were 2, 1.3, and 2.5, respectively, for shallow events, with 1.7, 1.2, and 2.3, respectively, for deep events. These values were basically the same as those for the FSs, implying the importance of GCs to the enhanced ice growth subsequently found in FSs. The

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Vertical Structure and Dynamical Properties during Snow Events in Middle Latitudes of China from Observations by the C-band Vertically Pointing Radar

Cited by 3 publications

References 65 publications

Macro- and microphysical characteristics of snowfall and non-snowfall clouds in the West Tianshan Mountains of China based on cloud radar

Macro- and microphysical characteristics of snowfall and non-snowfall clouds in the West Tianshan Mountains of China based on cloud radar

Improved spectral processing for a multi-mode pulse compression Ka–Ku-band cloud radar system

Vertical Evolution of Microphysical Properties during Snow Events in Middle Latitudes of China Observed by a C-band Vertically Pointing Radar

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