Vertical settling and radial segregation of large dust grains in the circumstellar disk of the Butterfly Star

Gräfe, C.; Wolf, S.; Guilloteau, S.; Dutrey, Anne; Stapelfeldt, K.; Pontoppidan, K. M.; Sauter, J.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220720

Cited by 48 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Its near-infrared appearance is dominated by a bipolar reflection nebula intersected by a central dust lane, similar to the well-studied edgeon disk of the Butterfly Star in Taurus (Brandner et al 2000;Pontoppidan et al 2005;Gräfe et al 2013). The southeastern lobe of the reflection nebula is 11 times fainter than the northwestern lobe in the K band (Brandner et al 2000), showing that the disk has an inclination deviating ∼20 • from edge-on orientation (Thi et al 2002).…”

Section: Crbr 24228-3423supporting

confidence: 57%

“…The disk extends from an inner cylindrical radius r in to an outer one r out . This ansatz has already been successfully applied to other circumstellar disks, such as, e.g., the Butterfly Star (Gräfe et al 2013), HH 30 (Madlener et al 2012), and CB 26 (Sauter et al 2009). Integrating Eq.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conclusions obtained using spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling are much more model-dependent and degenerate than using resolved images. Therefore, imaging of protoplanetary disks provides an independent check of SED modeling and a far less ambiguous method for studying the disk structure (e.g., Eisner et al 2009;Hughes et al 2009;Sauter et al 2009;Madlener et al 2012;Gräfe et al 2013). Various efforts to resolve the inner emission holes through direct imaging observations have been undertaken (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mid-infrared observations of the circumstellar disks around PDS 66 and CRBR 2422.8-3423

Gräfe¹,

Wolf²

2013

A&A

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Aims. We present mid-infrared observations and photometry of the circumstellar disks around PDS 66 and CRBR 2422.8-3423, obtained with VISIR/VLT in the N band and for the latter also in the Q band. Our aim is to resolve the inner regions of these protoplanetary disks, which carry potential signatures of intermediate or later stages of disk evolution and ongoing planet formation. Methods. We determined the radial brightness profiles of our target objects and the corresponding PSF reference that were observed before and after our target objects. Background standard deviations, the standard errors, and the seeing variations during the observations were considered. Adopting a simple radiative transfer model based on parameters taken from previous studies, we derived constraints on the inner-disk hole radius of the dust disk. Results. Neither of the circumstellar disks around our science targets are spatially resolved in our observations. However, we are able to constrain the inner-disk hole radius to <15.0 +0.5 −0.5 AU and <10.5 +0.5 −1.0 AU for PDS 66 and CRBR 2422.8-3423, respectively. The photometry we performed yields N-band flux densities of 599 ± 8 mJy for PDS 66 and 130 ± 14 mJy for CRBR 2422.8-3423, as well as a Q-band flux density of 858 ± 109 mJy for CRBR 2422.8-3423.

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Section: Crbr 24228-3423supporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mid-infrared observations of the circumstellar disks around PDS 66 and CRBR 2422.8-3423

Gräfe¹,

Wolf²

2013

A&A

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“…For instance, Szűcs et al (2010) investigated the Spitzer/IRAC and MIPS 24 μm photometries of ∼200 stars in the Chamaeleon I star-forming region and found that disks around lower mass stars (spectral type later than M4.75) are generally flatter than the case of higher mass stars (spectral type earlier than M4.5). Coherent multiwavelength modeling suggests a typical flaring index β ∼ 1.25 for T Tauri disks (Wolf et al 2003;Walker et al 2004;Sauter et al 2009;Madlener et al 2012;Gräfe et al 2013). Harvey et al (2012a) report PACS measurements of about 50 very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs with spectral types ranging from M3 to M9 in nearby regions.…”

Section: The Disk Properties Of the Targetsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Herschel/PACS view of disks around low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the TW Hydrae association

Liu

Herczeg

Gong

et al. 2014

A&A

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We conducted Herschel/PACS observations of five very low-mass stars or brown dwarfs located in the TW Hya association with the goal of characterizing the properties of disks in the low stellar mass regime. We detected all five targets at 70 μm and 100 μm and three targets at 160 μm. Our observations, combined with previous photometry from 2MASS, WISE, and SCUBA-2, enabled us to construct spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with extended wavelength coverage. Using sophisticated radiative transfer models, we analyzed the observed SEDs of the five detected objects with a hybrid fitting strategy that combines the model grids and the simulated annealing algorithm and evaluated the constraints on the disk properties via the Bayesian inference method. The modeling suggests that disks around low-mass stars and brown dwarfs are generally flatter than their higher mass counterparts, but the range of disk mass extends to well below the value found in T Tauri stars, and the disk scale heights are comparable in both groups. The inferred disk properties (i.e., disk mass, flaring, and scale height) in the low stellar mass regime are consistent with previous findings from large samples of brown dwarfs and very low-mass stars. We discuss the dependence of disk properties on their host stellar parameters and find a significant correlation between the Herschel far-IR fluxes and the stellar effective temperatures, probably indicating that the scaling between the stellar and disk masses (i.e., M disk ∝ M ) observed mainly in low-mass stars may extend down to the brown dwarf regime.

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“…The selected range of grain sizes was a dust ∈ 0.005 μm, 100 μm . Dust of this composition and size distribution is frequently found in young stellar objects (e.g., Wolf et al 2003;Madlener et al 2012;Gräfe et al 2013). The absolute number density of dust grains was scaled according to the total mass of dust in the disk.…”

Section: Thermal Disk Structure and The Observable Quantities Of The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structures in circumbinary disks: Prospects for observability

Ruge

Wolf

Demidova

et al. 2015

A&A

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Context. During the past decade circumbinary disks have been discovered around various young binary stars. Hydrodynamical calculations indicate that the gravitational interaction between the central binary star and the surrounding disk results in global perturbations of the disk density profile. Aims. We study the observability of characteristic large-scale disk structures resulting from the binary-disk interaction in the case of close binary systems. Methods. We derived the structure of circumbinary disks from smoothed-particle hydrodynamic simulations. Subsequently, we performed radiative transfer simulations to obtain scattered light and thermal reemission maps. We investigated the influence of the binary mass ratio, the inclination of the binary orbit relative to the disk midplane, and the eccentricity of the binary orbit on observational quantities. Results. We find that ALMA will allow tracing asymmetries of the inner edge of the disk and potentially resolving spiral arms if the disk is seen face-on. For an edge-on orientation, ALMA will allow detecting perturbations in the disk density distribution through asymmetries in the radial brightness profile. Through the asymmetric structure of the disks, areas are formed with a temperature 2.6 times higher than at the same location in equivalent unperturbed disks. The time-dependent appearance of the density waves and spiral arms in the disk affects the total re-emission flux of the object by a few percent.

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Vertical settling and radial segregation of large dust grains in the circumstellar disk of the Butterfly Star

Cited by 48 publications

References 78 publications

Mid-infrared observations of the circumstellar disks around PDS 66 and CRBR 2422.8-3423

Mid-infrared observations of the circumstellar disks around PDS 66 and CRBR 2422.8-3423

Herschel/PACS view of disks around low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the TW Hydrae association

Structures in circumbinary disks: Prospects for observability

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