Vertical Orientation Probability Matters for Enhancing Nanoparticle‐Macrophage Interaction and Efficient Phagocytosis

Abstract

Scheme 1. Hexapod particles with increased vertical orientation probability promote macrophage phagocytosis. A) Contact mode of elongated particles and cells. B) 3D model of a single hexapod NP with a Fe 2 O 3 @SiO 2 core and six silica pods (Fe 2 O 3 and SiO 2 are in blue and red colors, respectively). C) 3D model of a single monopod NP with a Fe 2 O 3 @SiO 2 core and a silica pod. D) Contact mode probability of I-III) monopod or IV,V) hexapod NPs. E) Compared with monopod NPs, hexapod NPs can effectively activate cell phagocytosis and promote cell uptake.

Selective Uptake Into Inflamed Human Intestinal Tissue and Immune Cell Targeting by Wormlike Polymer Micelles

“…A pointed orientation of the worms toward macrophages, due to the confinement in the tissue, might further increase their uptake rate despite their large size. [ 63 ]…”

“…A pointed orientation of the worms toward macrophages, due to the confinement in the tissue, might further increase their uptake rate despite their large size. [63] Previous in vitro studies on wormlike micelles with length of 1.8 or 2.5 μm also reported a retarded uptake into macrophages after 1 day of incubation compared to vesicles. [21] The worms are smaller (≈ 1 μm), but it has to be kept in mind that the investigated timeframe is much shorter (maximum of 2 h), which might explain the observed delay.…”

The occurrence and development mechanisms of esophageal stricture: state of the art review

“…The activation of the immune system often begins with phagocytosis of macrophages [ 45 ], stronger phagocytosis shorter duration of the disease [ 46 ]. The critical role of macrophages is to balance the inflammatory regression and fibrotic progress [ 47 , 48 ].…”

Hyperspectral dark field optical microscopy for orientational imaging of a single plasmonic nanocube using a physics-based learning method

“…Hu et al [17] found that vertical orientation of ellipsoid nanoparticles is more effective for phagocytosis compared to horizontal orientation. This is because of the better alignment of the vertical orientation during macrophage phagocytosis [18,19].…”

“…[12][13][14][15] Younan Xia's group 16 compared the intake of gold nanocubes, nanorods and nanohexapods for photothermal cancer treatment, and found that nanohexapods have better internalization than nanocubes and nanorods. Hu et al 17 found that vertical orientation of ellipsoid nanoparticles is more effective for phagocytosis compared to horizontal orientation. This is because of the better alignment of the vertical orientation during macrophage phagocytosis.…”